Fat embolism syndrome: Difference between revisions

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   MeshNumber    = C14.907.355.350.454 |
   MeshNumber    = C14.907.355.350.454 |
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{{Fat embolism syndrome}}
{{Fat embolism syndrome}}  


'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}} {{ADG}}


== Overview ==
{{SK}} FES; fat emobolism


== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
==[[Fat embolism syndrome overview|Overview]]==


== Pathophysiology ==
==[[Fat embolism syndrome historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


== Natural History ==
==[[Fat embolism syndrome classification|Classification]]==


== Diagnosis ==
==[[Fat embolism syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


FES is a clinical diagnosis.  Chest X-rays are normal in the majority.  Some may have evidence of consolidation, edema or hemmorhage, usually in the periphery.  Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scans (V/Q scans) demonstrate multiple subsegmental perfusion defects.
==[[Fat embolism syndrome causes|Causes]]==


The recovery of fat from pulmonary artery (PA) catheter wedged blood, sputum and urine is nonspecific.  One study found fat in 50% of sera from patients with long bone fractures who had no evidence of FES.  Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) seem to be more specific by demonstrating fat droplets in alveolar macrophages.
==[[Fat embolism syndrome differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fat Embolism Syndrome from other Diseases]]==


=== Chest X Ray ===
==[[Fat embolism syndrome epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
[[image:ARDS.jpg|thumb|left|Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)]]
<br clear="left"/>


=== Echocardiography ===
==[[Fat embolism syndrome risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Echocardiographic reports have demonstrated echogenic material passing through the right atrium followed by increased pulmonary pressures and right heart pressures and subsequent paradoxical embolization of this material through a patent foramen ovale (PFO). 
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===


== Treatment ==
==[[Fat embolism syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Mortality occurs in 5-15% of patients.  Early immobilization of fractures and operative rather than conservative management decrease the risk of FES.  Some studies have shown a benefit in steroid prophylaxis for patients at high risk for FES (closed pelvic fracture), while others have not.  There is no benefit to steroids after FES has developed.


== References ==
==Diagnosis==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Fat embolism syndrome history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] |  [[Fat embolism syndrome electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome CT|CT]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome MRI|MRI]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
<ref>Gerald L. Weinhouse. Fat Embolism Syndrome.</ref>


== Acknowledgements ==
==Treatment==
Source of Initial Content: Morning report notes prepared by {{CMG}} and Dr. Duane Pinto
[[Fat embolism syndrome medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome surgery|Surgery]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Fat embolism syndrome future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Fat embolism syndrome case study one|Case #1]]


==External links==
* {{GPnotebook|973471750}}
* {{DukeOrtho|fat_embolism_syndrome}}
* [http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default-home.htm?core/trauma/compartment_syndrome.htm~right Description of fat embolism]


{{Consequences of external causes}}
{{Consequences of external causes}}
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[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]

Latest revision as of 06:06, 6 July 2020

Fat embolism syndrome
ICD-10 O88.8, T79.1
ICD-9 673.8
DiseasesDB 4766
MeSH C14.907.355.350.454

Fat embolism syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fat embolism syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Fat embolism syndrome On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fat embolism syndrome

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Fat embolism syndrome

CDC on Fat embolism syndrome

Fat embolism syndrome in the news

Blogs on Fat embolism syndrome

Directions to Hospitals Treating Fat embolism syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Fat embolism syndrome

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2] Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: FES; fat emobolism

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fat Embolism Syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1


Template:Consequences of external causes

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