Milk-alkali syndrome physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | {{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | ||
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== Overview == | |||
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome: [[vertigo]], [[confusion]], [[apathy]], [[Nausea and vomiting|nausea, vomiting]], [[anorexia]], [[Itch|pruritus]], [[polydipsia]], [[polyuria]], [[myalgia]], [[tremor]], [[psychosis]], and abnormal [[Calcification|calcifications]] (keratopathy, [[Kidney|renal]] calcinosis). | |||
== Physical Examination == | |||
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome:<ref name="pmid7049033">{{cite journal| author=Orwoll ES| title=The milk-alkali syndrome: current concepts. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1982 | volume= 97 | issue= 2 | pages= 242-8 | pmid=7049033 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-242 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7049033 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5327389">{{cite journal| author=Texter EC, Laureta HC| title=The milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Am J Dig Dis | year= 1966 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 413-8 | pmid=5327389 | doi=10.1007/BF02233637 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5327389 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19252114">{{cite journal| author=Medarov BI| title=Milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2009 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 261-7 | pmid=19252114 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0 | pmc=2664604 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19252114 }} </ref> | |||
* [[Vertigo]] | |||
* [[Confusion]] | |||
* [[Apathy]] | |||
* [[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea, vomiting]] | |||
* [[Itch|Pruritus]] | |||
* [[Polydipsia]] | |||
* [[Polyuria]] | |||
* [[Myalgia]] | |||
* [[Tremor]] | |||
* [[Psychosis]] | |||
* Abnormal [[Calcification|calcifications]] | |||
**[[Ocular]] [[calcification]] in the [[cornea]] (keratopathy) and in the [[conjunctiva]] ([[conjunctivitis]]) | |||
** [[Kidney|Renal]] calcinosis | |||
**[[Metastatic calcification]] has also been reported in some less common sites such as [[central nervous system]], [[Lung|lungs]], [[liver]], [[Adrenal gland|adrenal glands]], [[bone]], periarticular and [[subcutaneous tissue]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Electrolyte disturbances]] | [[Category:Electrolyte disturbances]] | ||
[[Category:Calcium]] | [[Category:Calcium]] | ||
[[Category:Urinary system]] | [[Category:Urinary system]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:18, 13 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome: vertigo, confusion, apathy, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pruritus, polydipsia, polyuria, myalgia, tremor, psychosis, and abnormal calcifications (keratopathy, renal calcinosis).
Physical Examination
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome:[1][2][3]
- Vertigo
- Confusion
- Apathy
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pruritus
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Myalgia
- Tremor
- Psychosis
- Abnormal calcifications
- Ocular calcification in the cornea (keratopathy) and in the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
- Renal calcinosis
- Metastatic calcification has also been reported in some less common sites such as central nervous system, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, bone, periarticular and subcutaneous tissue.
References
- ↑ Orwoll ES (1982). "The milk-alkali syndrome: current concepts". Ann Intern Med. 97 (2): 242–8. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-242. PMID 7049033.
- ↑ Texter EC, Laureta HC (1966). "The milk-alkali syndrome". Am J Dig Dis. 11 (5): 413–8. doi:10.1007/BF02233637. PMID 5327389.
- ↑ Medarov BI (2009). "Milk-alkali syndrome". Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.