Polymyalgia rheumatica causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Polymyalgia rheumatica}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AEL}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Causes==
There is no specific cause for polymyalgia rheumatica. However, there are possible theories about the causes which include [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] joint lining attack, [[Virus|viral infections]], and [[Biological inheritance|genetic inheritance]] of [[HLA-DR4]].  
The cause of this disorder is unknown; however, studies have shown that during this disorder, the [[white blood cells]] in the body attack the lining of muscle joints, causing inflammation. Recent studies have found that inherited factors also play a role in the probability that an individual will become sick with polymyalgia rheumatica. Several theories have included viral stimulation of the [[immune system]] in genetically susceptible individuals.


Manifestation of [[gaintcell arteritis]] as polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with the increased frequency of [[HLA DR4]].<ref name="pmid3259885">{{cite journal |author=Cid MC, Ercilla G, Vilaseca J, ''et al.'' |title=Polymyalgia rheumatica: a syndrome associated with HLA-DR4 antigen |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=678–82 |year=1988 |month=May |pmid=3259885 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.[[PMR]] and [[GCA]] also share the associated sequence polymorphism encoded by the second hypervariable region(HVR) of the [[HLA DRB1 gene]] unlike [[rheumatoid arthritis]] in which the sequence is encoded by third HVR.<ref name="pmid8147928">{{cite journal |author=Weyand CM, Hunder NN, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ |title=HLA-DRB1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=514–20 |year=1994 |month=April |pmid=8147928 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. Isolated PMR has positive association with TNFb3, independent of HLA DRB1 association.<ref name="pmid10943865">{{cite journal |author=Mattey DL, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, ''et al.'' |title=Association of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica with different tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphisms |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1749–55 |year=2000 |month=August |pmid=10943865 |doi=10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1749::AID-ANR11>3.0.CO;2-K |url=}}</ref>
==Causes==
*The specific cause of polymyalgia rheumatica is unknown or not well understood. 
*Possible theories about the causes include the following:<ref name="pmid28600350">{{cite journal| author=Belkhir R, Burel SL, Dunogeant L, Marabelle A, Hollebecque A, Besse B et al.| title=Rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica occurring after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 76 | issue= 10 | pages= 1747-1750 | pmid=28600350 | doi=10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211216 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28600350  }}</ref>
**[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] attack of the joints' lining
**[[Infection|Viral infection]] (eg, ''[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]'') stimulating the [[immune system]] causing [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune]] attack to the joints 
**[[Biological inheritance|Genetic inheritance]] of [[HLA-DR4]] subtype 


Several [[viruses]] are thought to be linked to polymyalgia rheumatica,including the [[adenovirus]], which causes respiratory infections; the human parvovirus B19, an infection that affects children; and the human parainfluenza virus.
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


==References==
[[Category:Medicine]]
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 23:47, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

There is no specific cause for polymyalgia rheumatica. However, there are possible theories about the causes which include inflammatory joint lining attack, viral infections, and genetic inheritance of HLA-DR4.

Causes

References

  1. Belkhir R, Burel SL, Dunogeant L, Marabelle A, Hollebecque A, Besse B; et al. (2017). "Rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica occurring after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment". Ann Rheum Dis. 76 (10): 1747–1750. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211216. PMID 28600350.