Schizophrenia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Schizophrenia}}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Schizophrenia]]
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}},{{Vbe}}, {{I.D.}}


==Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis==
==Overview==
[[Schizophrenia]] must be differentiated from other [[diseases]] such as [[autism spectrum disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[depressive disorder]], and [[schizoaffective disorder]].


*'''Autism spectrum disorder or communication disorders.''' These disorders may also have symptoms resembling a psychotic episode but are distinguished by their respective defi­cits in social interaction with repetitive and restricted behaviors and other cognitive and communication deficits. An individual v^ith autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder must have symptoms that meet full criteria for schizophrenia, w^ith prominent hallucinations or delusions for at least 1 month, in order to be diagnosed with schizophre­ nia as a comorbid condition.
==Differential Diagnosis==
 
Schizophrenia must be differentiated from the following conditions:<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18245021">{{cite journal| author=Pomarol-Clotet E, Oh TM, Laws KR, McKenna PJ| title=Semantic priming in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Br J Psychiatry | year= 2008 | volume= 192 | issue= 2 | pages= 92-7 | pmid=18245021 | doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032102 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18245021  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22966451">{{cite journal| author=Ochoa S, Usall J, Cobo J, Labad X, Kulkarni J| title=Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review. | journal=Schizophr Res Treatment | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 916198 | pmid=22966451 | doi=10.1155/2012/916198 | pmc=3420456 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22966451  }} </ref><ref>McGlashan TH (1987) Testing DSM-III symptom criteria for schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 15–22.</ref>
*'''Major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic or catatonic features.''' The distinction between schizophrenia and major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features or with catatonia depends on the temporal relationship between the mood distur­ bance and the psychosis, and on the severity of the depressive or manic symptoms. If de­ lusions or hallucinations occur exclusively during a major depressive or manic episode, the diagnosis is depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features.
*[[Autism spectrum disorder]] or [[Communication Access Real-Time Translation|communication]] [[disorders]]
 
* Major [[Depressive episode|depressive]] or [[bipolar disorder]] with [[psychotic]] or [[catatonic]] features
*'''Schizoaffective disorder.''' A diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder requires that a major depressive or manic episode occur concurrently with the active-phase symptoms and that the mood symptoms be present for a majority of the total duration of the active periods.
*[[Schizoaffective disorder]]
 
*[[Schizophreniform disorder]] and brief [[psychotic disorder]]
*'''Schizophreniform disorder and brief psychotic disorder.''' These disorders are of shorter duration than schizophrenia as specified in Criterion C, which requires 6 months of symp­ toms. In schizophreniform disorder, the disturbance is present less than 6 months, and in brief psychotic disorder, symptoms are present at least 1 day but less than 1 month.
*[[Delusional disorder]]
 
*[[Schizotypal personality disorder]]
*'''Delusional disorder.''' Delusional disorder can be distinguished from schizophrenia by the absence of the other symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia (e.g., delusions, prom­ inent auditory or visual hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or cata­ tonic behavior, negative symptoms).
* [[Borderline personality disorder]]
 
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]] and [[body dysmorphic disorder]]
*'''Schizotypal personality disorder.''' Schizotypal personality disorder may be distinguished from schizophrenia by subthreshold symptoms that are associated with persistent person­ ality features.
*[[Posttraumatic stress disorder]]
 
*Other [[mental disorders]] associated with a [[psychotic]] episode
*'''Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder.''' Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder may present with poor or absent insight, and the preoccupations may reach delusional proportions. But these disorders are distinguished from schizophrenia by their prominent obsessions, compul­ sions, preoccupations with appearance or body odor, hoarding, or body-focused repeti­ tive behaviors.
* [[Epilepsy]]
 
* [[Brain]] lesions
*'''Posttraumatic stress disorder.''' Posttraumatic stress disorder may include flashbacks that have a hallucinatory quality, and hypervigilance may reach paranoid proportions. But a traumatic event and characteristic symptom features relating to reliving or reacting to the event are required to make the diagnosis.
* [[Chronic disease]] and [[metabolic]] disturbances
 
* [[Systemic]] [[infection]], including [[HIV]] and [[syphilis]]
*'''Other mental disorders associated with a psychotic episode.''' The diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only when the psychotic episode is persistent and not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. Individuals with a de­ lirium or major or minor neurocognitive disorder may present with psychotic symptoms, but these would have a temporal relationship to the onset of cognitive changes consistent with those disorders. Individuals with substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder may present with symptoms characteristic of Criterion A for schizophrenia, but the sub­ stance/medication-induced psychotic disorder can usually be distinguished by the chron­ ological relationship of substance use to the onset and remission of the psychosis in the absence of substance use.
* [[Drug abuse]]
 
* [[Delirium]]
*Schizophrenia needs to be differentiated from epilepsy and certain brain lesions. Chronic disease and metabolic disturbances also need to be ruled out. Systemic infection, including [[HIV]] and [[syphilis]] should be ruled out. The patient should be evaluated for drug abuse, as many drugs can cause psychotic symptoms, either during intoxication or during withdrawal. It is important to rule out a [[delirium]] which can be distinguished by visual hallucinations, acute onset and fluctuating level of consciousness and indicates an underlying medical illness. There are several psychiatric illnesses which may present with psychotic symptoms other than schizophrenia. These include [[bipolar disorder]],<ref>Pope HG (1983). Distinguishing bipolar disorder from schizophrenia in clinical practice: guidelines and case reports. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34: 322–328.</ref> [[borderline personality disorder]],<ref>McGlashan TH (1987) Testing DSM-III symptom criteria for schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 15–22.</ref> drug intoxication, brief drug-induced psychosis, and [[schizophreniform disorder]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 00:05, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2],Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [3], Irfan Dotani

Overview

Schizophrenia must be differentiated from other diseases such as autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.

Differential Diagnosis

Schizophrenia must be differentiated from the following conditions:[1][2][3][4]

References

  1. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
  2. ↑ Pomarol-Clotet E, Oh TM, Laws KR, McKenna PJ (2008). "Semantic priming in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis". Br J Psychiatry. 192 (2): 92–7. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032102. PMID 18245021.
  3. ↑ Ochoa S, Usall J, Cobo J, Labad X, Kulkarni J (2012). "Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review". Schizophr Res Treatment. 2012: 916198. doi:10.1155/2012/916198. PMC 3420456. PMID 22966451.
  4. ↑ McGlashan TH (1987) Testing DSM-III symptom criteria for schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 15–22.

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