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{{Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia}} | {{Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia}} {{AE}} {{MSJ}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]] is a type of intra-vascular [[hemolysis]] that occurs due to a number of [[disease]]s. It is a clinical emergency and requires immediate treatment. | |||
==What are the symptoms of Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?== | |||
It presents with wide range of clinical symptoms: | |||
* [[Anemia]] | |||
* [[Jaundice]] | |||
* [[Petechia]] | |||
* [[Purpura]] | |||
* [[Mucosal]] [[bleeding]] | |||
* [[Oliguria]] | |||
* [[Neurological]] involvement | |||
==What causes Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?== | |||
It is a clinical manifestation of a large number of underlying diseases including: | |||
* [[Aortic stenosis]] | |||
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | |||
* [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] | |||
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | |||
* [[Cancer]] | |||
* Mechanical [[heart]] valve | |||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | |||
It is a medical emergency. Any patients presenting with high clinical suspicion should be given immediate treatment. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
The diagnosis of [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]] is made by carrying out [[blood]] tests and visualizing [[schistocyte]]s on [[peripheral blood smear]]. The blood tests show: | |||
* [[Anemia]] | |||
* Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] | |||
* Raised [[bilirubin]] | |||
* Thrombocytopenia | |||
* Deranged [[liver]] and [[renal function tests]] | |||
==Treatment== | |||
The treatment of choice is [[Plasma exchange]]. Other treatment option include | |||
* Large volume [[plasma]] infusion | |||
* Infusion of [[fresh frozen plasma]] | |||
* [[Folate]] supplementation | |||
* Anti-[[platelet]] therapy | |||
* [[Corticosteroid]]s | |||
==Possible complications== | |||
[[Acute renal failure]], [[intracranial hemorrhage]] and [[myocardial infarction]] are the possible complications. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:51, 31 January 2021
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Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia from other Diseases |
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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mydah Sajid, MD[1]
Overview
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is a type of intra-vascular hemolysis that occurs due to a number of diseases. It is a clinical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
What are the symptoms of Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?
It presents with wide range of clinical symptoms:
What causes Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?
It is a clinical manifestation of a large number of underlying diseases including:
- Aortic stenosis
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Cancer
- Mechanical heart valve
When to seek urgent medical care?
It is a medical emergency. Any patients presenting with high clinical suspicion should be given immediate treatment.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is made by carrying out blood tests and visualizing schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. The blood tests show:
- Anemia
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase
- Raised bilirubin
- Thrombocytopenia
- Deranged liver and renal function tests
Treatment
The treatment of choice is Plasma exchange. Other treatment option include
- Large volume plasma infusion
- Infusion of fresh frozen plasma
- Folate supplementation
- Anti-platelet therapy
- Corticosteroids
Possible complications
Acute renal failure, intracranial hemorrhage and myocardial infarction are the possible complications.