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{{Haff disease}}
{{Haff disease}}
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{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/User:Hassan_M M. Hassan, M.B.B.S]


==Overview==
==[[Haff disease overview|Overview]]==


'''Haff disease''' is the development of [[rhabdomyolysis]] (swelling and breakdown of [[skeletal muscle]], with a risk of [[acute renal failure|acute kidney failure]]) within 24 hours of ingesting fish.<ref name="Buchholz">{{cite journal |author=Buchholz U, Mouzin E, Dickey R, Moolenaar R, Sass N, Mascola L |title=Haff disease: from the Baltic Sea to the U.S. shore |journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=192–5 |year=2000 |pmid=10756156 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol6no2/buchholtz.htm}}</ref>
==[[Haff disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==History==
==[[Haff disease pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
It was first described in 1924 in the vicinity of Königsberg on the Baltic coast, in people staying around the ''haff'' (German: lagoon).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lentz O|title=Über die Haffkrankheit|language=German|journal=Med Klin|year=1925|volume=1|pages=4-8}}</ref>


Over the subsequent fifteen years, about 1000 cases were reported in people, birds and cats, usually in the summer and fall, and a link was made with the consumption of fish (burbot, eel and pike).<ref name="Buchholz"/> Since that time, only occasional reports have appeared of the condition, mostly from the Soviet Union and Germany.
==[[Haff disease causes|Causes]]==


In 1997, six cases of Haff disease were reported in California and Missouri, all after the consumption of buffalo fish (''Ictiobus cyprinellus'').<ref name="pmid9883771">{{cite journal |author= |title=Haff disease associated with eating buffalo fish--United States, 1997 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=47 |issue=50 |pages=1091–3 |year=1998 |pmid=9883771 |doi=}}</ref> The source of the fish was traced by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], and studies of other fish from the same sources showed a [[hexane]]-soluble (and hence [[chemical polarity|non-polar]] [[lipid]]) substance that induced similar symptoms in mice; other food-borne poisons commonly found in fish could not be detected.
==[[Haff disease differential diagnosis|Differentiating Haff disease from other Diseases]]==


==Poison==
==[[Haff disease epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
The exact nature of the poison is still unclear. It cannot be inactivated by cooking, as all six CDC cases had consumed cooked or fried fish.<ref name="Buchholz"/>


[[Palytoxin]] has been proposed as a disease model.<ref name="pmid17984750">{{cite journal |author=Langley RL, Bobbitt WH |title=Haff disease after eating salmon |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=100 |issue=11 |pages=1147–50 |year=2003 |pmid=17984750 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181583673 |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181583673}}</ref>
==[[Haff disease risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


It has been suggested that the toxin may have [[thiaminase]] activity (i.e. it degrades [[thiamine]], also known as vitamin B1).<ref name="isbn4-431-00488-2">{{cite book |author=Kumagai, Michio |title=Freshwater Management: Global Versus Local Perspectives |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |year= |pages=88 |isbn=4-431-00488-2 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
==[[Haff disease natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
[[Haff disease history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Haff disease physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Haff disease laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Haff disease electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Haff disease ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Haff disease other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
==Treatment==
[[Haff disease medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Haff disease surgery|Surgery]] | [[Haff disease primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Haff disease cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Haff disease future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 03:17, 26 March 2022

Haff disease
Haff disease was first described in the location of Königsberg/Frisches Haff[1]
ICD-9 985.1
DiseasesDB 33568

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: M. Hassan, M.B.B.S

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Haff disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Ultrasound | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies


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References

  1. ↑ Template:Dorlands


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