Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Bassel}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Bassel}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus, member of Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is spread by direct contact with infectious sections or by self-inoculation after touching contaminated surfaces. The virus infects the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggering an intense inflammatory response.


==Transmission==
==Transmission==
RSV is spread by  
* Respiratory syncytial virus is spread by  
* Direct contact with an infected individual
** Direct contact with an infected individual
* Self-inoculation after touching contaminated surfaces<ref name="pmid7252646">{{cite journal| author=Hall CB, Douglas RG| title=Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1981 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-3 | pmid=7252646 | doi=10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80969-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7252646  }} </ref>   
** Self-inoculation after touching contaminated surfaces<ref name="pmid7252646">{{cite journal| author=Hall CB, Douglas RG| title=Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1981 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-3 | pmid=7252646 | doi=10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80969-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7252646  }} </ref>   
* Infectious sections in form of large-particle aerosols or fomites<ref name="pmid10987726">{{cite journal| author=Hall CB| title=Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "Cold War" has not ended. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2000 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 590-6 | pmid=10987726 | doi=10.1086/313960 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10987726  }} </ref>
**Infectious sections in form of large-particle aerosols or fomites<ref name="pmid10987726">{{cite journal| author=Hall CB| title=Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "Cold War" has not ended. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2000 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 590-6 | pmid=10987726 | doi=10.1086/313960 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10987726  }} </ref>


Evidence suggests that distant contact requiring small particle aerosols does not cause RSV<ref name="pmid7252646">{{cite journal| author=Hall CB, Douglas RG| title=Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1981 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-3 | pmid=7252646 | doi=10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80969-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7252646 }} </ref>.
* The virus infects the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, specifically the bronchioles. It may also infect the basal cells, targeting the airway epithelium<ref name="pmid25033192">{{cite journal| author=Persson BD, Jaffe AB, Fearns R, Danahay H| title=Respiratory syncytial virus can infect basal cells and alter human airway epithelial differentiation. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= e102368 | pmid=25033192 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0102368 | pmc=4102526 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25033192  }} </ref>.
 
* Upon infection, an intense inflammatory response is triggered, mediated initially by the infected airway epithelial cells<ref name="pmid12217726">{{cite journal| author=Hacking D, Hull J| title=Respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response. | journal=J Infect | year= 2002 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 18-24 | pmid=12217726 | doi=10.1053/jinf.2002.1015 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12217726  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28273842">{{cite journal| author=Rey-Jurado E, Kalergis AM| title=Immunological Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Caused Pneumonia-Implications for Vaccine Design. | journal=Int J Mol Sci | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages=  | pmid=28273842 | doi=10.3390/ijms18030556 | pmc=5372572 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28273842  }} </ref>.
 
==Genetics==
* RSV is an enveloped, negative sense, single stranded RNA virus. It is member of Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus<ref name="pmid28273842">{{cite journal| author=Rey-Jurado E, Kalergis AM| title=Immunological Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Caused Pneumonia-Implications for Vaccine Design. | journal=Int J Mol Sci | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages=  | pmid=28273842 | doi=10.3390/ijms18030556 | pmc=5372572 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28273842  }} </ref>.
* The viral genome encodes 11 proteins. The G protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells, and the F protein promotes syncytia formation<ref name="pmid12217726">{{cite journal| author=Hacking D, Hull J| title=Respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response. | journal=J Infect | year= 2002 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 18-24 | pmid=12217726 | doi=10.1053/jinf.2002.1015 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12217726 }} </ref>.


==References==
==References==
Line 23: Line 30:
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:08, 3 December 2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology

CDC on Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology

Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Human respiratory syncytial virus

Risk calculators and risk factors for Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Bassel Almarie M.D.[2]

Overview

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus, member of Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is spread by direct contact with infectious sections or by self-inoculation after touching contaminated surfaces. The virus infects the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggering an intense inflammatory response.

Transmission

  • Respiratory syncytial virus is spread by
    • Direct contact with an infected individual
    • Self-inoculation after touching contaminated surfaces[1]
    • Infectious sections in form of large-particle aerosols or fomites[2]
  • The virus infects the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, specifically the bronchioles. It may also infect the basal cells, targeting the airway epithelium[3].
  • Upon infection, an intense inflammatory response is triggered, mediated initially by the infected airway epithelial cells[4][5].

Genetics

  • RSV is an enveloped, negative sense, single stranded RNA virus. It is member of Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus[5].
  • The viral genome encodes 11 proteins. The G protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells, and the F protein promotes syncytia formation[4].

References

  1. Hall CB, Douglas RG (1981). "Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus". J Pediatr. 99 (1): 100–3. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80969-9. PMID 7252646.
  2. Hall CB (2000). "Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "Cold War" has not ended". Clin Infect Dis. 31 (2): 590–6. doi:10.1086/313960. PMID 10987726.
  3. Persson BD, Jaffe AB, Fearns R, Danahay H (2014). "Respiratory syncytial virus can infect basal cells and alter human airway epithelial differentiation". PLoS One. 9 (7): e102368. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102368. PMC 4102526. PMID 25033192.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Hacking D, Hull J (2002). "Respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response". J Infect. 45 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1053/jinf.2002.1015. PMID 12217726.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Rey-Jurado E, Kalergis AM (2017). "Immunological Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Caused Pneumonia-Implications for Vaccine Design". Int J Mol Sci. 18 (3). doi:10.3390/ijms18030556. PMC 5372572. PMID 28273842.