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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]], [[meningococcal meningitis]], [[mucormycosis]], [[nipah virus encephalitis]], [[sepsis]], [[zygomycosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arthroscopy]], [[fracture]], [[hip replacement surgery|hip surgery]], [[immobility]], [[knee pain/swelling surgery|knee surgery]], [[Maffucci syndrome]], [[orthopedic surgery]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]], [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]], [[idiopathic intracranial hypertension]], [[meningococcal meningitis]], [[nipah virus encephalitis]], [[stroke]], [[thoracic inlet|thoracic inlet syndrome]], [[thoracic outlet syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[lipoprotein(a)|Elevated lipoprotein a]], [[glycosylphosphatidylinositol|glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency]], [[hyperhomocysteinemia|homocystinemia]], [[hyperhomocysteinemia]], [[hyperlipidemia]], [[hypertriglyceridemia]], [[obesity]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abruptio placentae]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[eclampsia]], [[leiomyoma]], [[pre-eclampsia]], [[pregnancy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cancer]], [[leukemia]], [[Maffucci syndrome]], [[malignancy]], [[multiple myeloma]], [[myeloproliferative disorders]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[central retinal artery|Retinal artery thrombosis]], [[central retinal vein occlusion|retinal vein thrombosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute kidney injury]], [[chronic renal disease]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[renal vein thrombosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[Behcet's disease]], [[interleukin 8|elevated interleukin 8]], [[Klippel Trenaunay syndrome]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Fournier gangrene]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[High altitude]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[General surgery]], [[high altitude]], [[radiation]], [[smoking]], [[varicose veins]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
*[[Abruptio placentae]]
*[[Abruptio placentae]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]

Latest revision as of 23:04, 10 January 2020

Thrombosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Classification

Arterial
Venous
Arterial and Venous Thrombosis: Differences and Similarities

Causes

Site of Thrombosis

Arterial
Venous

Differentiating Thrombosis from other Diseases

Arterial
Venous

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Evaluation

Treatment

Risk Factor Modifications

Prevention

Thrombosis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Thrombosis causes

CDC onThrombosis causes

Thrombosis causes in the news

Blogs on Thrombosis causes

to Hospitals Treating Thrombosis causes

Risk calculators and risk factors for Thrombosis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the following (Virchow's triad): the composition of the blood (hypercoagulability or thrombophilia), quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury), and/or nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Antithrombin III deficiency, aortic dissection, arteritis, atheroma, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular septal defect, cholesterol embolization, congestive heart failure, coronary artery thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, defibrination syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Eisenmenger syndrome, elevated lipoprotein a, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, Kawasaki disease, left ventricular failure, mesenteric venous thrombosis, obesity, Paget-Schroetter disease, pelvic vein thrombosis, peripheral vascular disease, plasminogen deficiency type I, plasminogen deficiency type II, postphlebitic syndrome, presence of a central venous catheter, stent, stroke, subclavian vein thrombosis, superficial thrombophlebitis, superior vena cava syndrome, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Behcet's disease, Klippel Trenaunay syndrome, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect Aflibercept, Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi, asparaginase, chemotherapy, coagulation factor IX, coagulation factor XIII A-subunit, conestat alfa, desmopressin, elspar, eltrombopag, estramustine, estrogen replacement therapy, ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, femara, glucocorticoids, hormone replacement therapy, iodixanol, lenalidomide, letrozole, leunase, meclofenamate, oral contraceptives, pegaspargase, rapamune, romiplostim,sirolimus, tamoxifen, thalidomide, tromethamine
Ear Nose Throat Mastoiditis, superior vena cava syndrome
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus, obesity
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Budd-Chiari syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, hemorrhoids, hepatic vein thrombosis, inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, liver disease, mucormycosis, obesity, pancreatic cancer, zygomycosis
Genetic Ales dysfibrinogenemia, elevated plasma fibronectin levels, factor V Leiden mutation, Marchiafava-Micheli disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hematologic Ales dysfibrinogenemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, antithrombin III deficiency, cavernous sinus thrombosis, decreased heparin cofactor II, decreased thrombomodulin, decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), decreased tissue plasminogen activator deficiency, deep vein thrombosis, defibrination syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dysfibrinogenemia, elevated fibrinogen, elevated plasma fibronectin levels, elevated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), essential thrombocythemia, factor XII deficiency, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulability syndrome, hyperviscosity syndrome, increased factor IX, increased factor VII, increased factor VIII, increased factor XI, increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Klippel Trenaunay syndrome, leukostasis syndrome, Marchiafava-Micheli disease, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, Osler-Vaquez disease, Paget-Schroetter disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, pelvic vein thrombosis, plasminogen deficiency type I, plasminogen deficiency type II, polycythemia vera, polycythemia, postphlebitic syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, sickle cell disease, sticky platelet syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome, thrombophilia, thrombotic microangiopathy, Von Willebrand factor, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Wiesbaden dysfibrinogenemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Mastoiditis, meningococcal meningitis, mucormycosis, nipah virus encephalitis, sepsis, zygomycosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Arthroscopy, fracture, hip surgery, immobility, knee surgery, Maffucci syndrome, orthopedic surgery
Neurologic Antiphospholipid syndrome, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, meningococcal meningitis, nipah virus encephalitis, stroke, thoracic inlet syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic Elevated lipoprotein a, glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency, homocystinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic Abruptio placentae, antiphospholipid syndrome, eclampsia, leiomyoma, pre-eclampsia, pregnancy
Oncologic Cancer, leukemia, Maffucci syndrome, malignancy, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, Osler-Vaquez disease, pancreatic cancer, paraneoplastic syndrome, polycythemia vera, superior vena cava syndrome, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Ophthalmologic Retinal artery thrombosis, retinal vein thrombosis
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Acute kidney injury, chronic renal disease, nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, elevated interleukin 8, Klippel Trenaunay syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic Fournier gangrene
Miscellaneous General surgery, high altitude, radiation, smoking, varicose veins

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Kuipers S, Cannegieter SC, Middeldorp S, Robyn L, Büller HR, Rosendaal FR (2007). "The absolute risk of venous thrombosis after air travel: a cohort study of 8,755 employees of international organisations". PLoS Med. 4 (9): e290. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040290. PMC 1989755. PMID 17896862.
  2. ↑ Mammen EF (1999). "Sticky platelet syndrome". Semin Thromb Hemost. 25 (4): 361–5. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994939. PMID 10548069.



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