Endocarditis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Endocarditis}} | {{Endocarditis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AZ}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AZ}} {{Ochuko}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of cases of infective endocarditis are due to bacteria. Common causes of infective endocarditis include ''[[Streptococcus viridans]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococci]]'', and ''[[Enterococcus]]''. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]<ref name="Murdoch">{{cite journal|last=Murdoch|first=DR|title=Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|date=9 March 2009|volume=169|issue=5|pages=463–73|pmid=19273776|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603|pmc=3625651|display-authors=etal}}</ref> | |||
*[[Streptococcus viridans]] | |||
*[[Coagulase]] negative [[Staphylococci]] | |||
*[[Candida albicans]] | *[[Candida albicans]] | ||
*[[clostridium|Clostridium septicum]] | *[[clostridium|Clostridium septicum]] | ||
*[[Enterococcus]] | *[[Enterococcus]] | ||
*[[HACEK organisms]] | *[[HACEK organisms]] | ||
*[[Pseudomonas | *[[Pseudomonas]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus bovis]] | *[[Streptococcus bovis]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Abiotrophia]], [[acremonium]], [[acute rheumatic fever]], [[aseptic meningitis]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Abiotrophia]], [[acremonium]], [[acute rheumatic fever]], [[aseptic meningitis]], [[Austrian triad ]], [[bacteremia]], [[bacterial endocarditis]], [[bacteroides]], [[bartonella]], [[brucellosis]], [[campylobacteriosis]], [[candida albicans]], [[capnocytophaga canimorsus]], [[cardiobacterium hominis]], [[cat scratch fever]], [[clostridium sordellii]], [[staphylococci|coagulase-negative staphylococci]], [[corynebacterium]], [[coxiella burnetii]], [[diphtheria ]], [[eikenella corrodens]], [[enterococci ]], [[enterococcus faecalis]], [[erysipelas]], [[erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|erysipeloid of rosenbach]], [[erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]], [[fever]], [[peptostreptococcus|finegoldia magna]], [[fungi ]], [[gemella haemolysans]], [[gemella morbillorum]], [[gonorrhea]], [[granuloma]], [[group A streptococcus ]], [[HACEK organisms]], [[haemophilus|haemophilus aphrophilus]], [[haemophilus|haemophilus parainfluenzae]], [[haemophilus|haemophilus paraphrophilus]], [[HIV]], [[infection|iatrogenic infection]], [[infective endocarditis]], [[kingella|kingella kingae]], [[lactobacillus rhamnosus]], [[legionella pneumophila]], [[listeria monocytogenes]], [[loiasis ]], [[melioidosis]], [[meningococcemia]], [[methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus]], [[micrococcus]], [[mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[mycobacterium boenickei]], [[mycobacterium brisbanense]], [[mycobacterium fortuitum]], [[mycobacterium houstonense]], [[mycobacterium neworleansense]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[gonorrhea|neisseria gonorrhoea]], [[neisseria|neisseria sicca]], [[gram-negative bacteria|non-HACEK gram-negative bacteria]], [[pasteurella multocida]], [[septicemia|postoperative septicemia]], [[propionibacterium acnes]], [[pseudomonas alcaligenes]], [[pseudomonas mendocina]], [[psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[rat-bite fever]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[rothia dentocariosa]], [[salmonellosis ]], [[scarlet fever]], [[sepsis]], [[septic arthritis]], [[septicemia ]], [[serratia]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[staphylococcus epidermidis]], [[staphylococcus lugdunensis]], [[rat-bite fever|streptobacillary rat-bite fever]], [[streptobacillus]], [[streptococcus bovis]], [[streptococcus milleri]], [[streptococcus mitis]], [[streptococcus mutans]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[streptococcus sanguinis]], [[streptococcus suis]], [[streptococcus viridans]], [[streptococcus]], [[syphilis]], [[trichinella spiralis]],[[tropheryma whipplei]], [[trypanosoma cruzi]], [[tuberculosis ]], [[typhoid fever]], [[vancomycin-resistant enterococci]], [[Whipple disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer | first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. | last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>== | ==Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer | first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. | last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>== | ||
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! Epidemiological features || Common Microorganism(s) | ! Epidemiological features || Common Microorganism(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Injection drug use'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
* | *Oxacillin-resistant strains | ||
*Coagulase-negative [[staphylococci]] | *Coagulase-negative [[staphylococci]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
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:*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | :*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Indwelling cardiovascular medical devices'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
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*[[Corynebacterium]] sp | *[[Corynebacterium]] sp | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Genitourinary disorders'''</center> | |||
<center>'''Genitourinary infection'''</center> | <center>'''Genitourinary infection'''</center> | ||
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<center>'''Genitourinary manipulation'''</center> | <center>'''Genitourinary manipulation'''</center> | ||
<center>''' | <center>'''Pregnancy'''</center> | ||
<center>'''Delivery'''</center> | <center>'''Delivery'''</center> | ||
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*[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | *[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Chronic skin disorders''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Poor dental health, dental procedures''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Viridans group streptococci | *Viridans group streptococci | ||
*“Nutritionally variant streptococci” | *“Nutritionally variant streptococci” | ||
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*[[HACEK organism]]s | *[[HACEK organism]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Alcoholism, cirrhosis''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
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*[[Aeromonas hydrophila|Aeromonas sp]] | *[[Aeromonas hydrophila|Aeromonas sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Burn patients''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including | *Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including | ||
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*[[Fungi]] | *[[Fungi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Diabetes mellitus''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Early ( < 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
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*[[Legionella|Legionella sp]] | *[[Legionella|Legionella sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Late ( > 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
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*[[Corynebacterium]] sp | *[[Corynebacterium]] sp | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Dog–cat exposure''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | *[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | ||
*[[Pasteurella multocida|Pasteurella sp]] | *[[Pasteurella multocida|Pasteurella sp]] | ||
*[[Capnocytophaga|Capnocytophaga sp]] | *[[Capnocytophaga|Capnocytophaga sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Contact with contaminated milk'''</center> | |||
<center>'''Contact with infected farm animals'''</center> | <center>'''Contact with infected farm animals'''</center> | ||
|| | || | ||
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*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|Erysipelothrix sp]] | *[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|Erysipelothrix sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Homeless, body lice'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | *[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''AIDS'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp]] | *[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Pneumonia, meningitis'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Solid organ transplant'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Aspergillus|Aspergillus fumigatus]] | *[[Aspergillus|Aspergillus fumigatus]] | ||
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*[[Candida albicans|Candida sp]] | *[[Candida albicans|Candida sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Gastrointestinal lesions'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Streptococcus bovis|S bovis]] | *[[Streptococcus bovis|S bovis]] | ||
*[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]] | *[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
Latest revision as of 02:13, 6 March 2020
Endocarditis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease |
Case Studies |
Endocarditis causes On the Web |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]
Overview
The majority of cases of infective endocarditis are due to bacteria. Common causes of infective endocarditis include Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococci, and Enterococcus.
Causes
Common Causes
- Staphylococcus aureus[1]
- Streptococcus viridans
- Coagulase negative Staphylococci
- Candida albicans
- Clostridium septicum
- Enterococcus
- HACEK organisms
- Pseudomonas
- Streptococcus bovis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Causes by Organ System
Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis[2]
Epidemiological features | Common Microorganism(s) |
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References
- ↑ Murdoch, DR; et al. (9 March 2009). "Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study". Archives of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 463–73. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603. PMC 3625651. PMID 19273776.
- ↑ Baddour, LM.; Wilson, WR.; Bayer, AS.; Fowler, VG.; Bolger, AF.; Levison, ME.; Ferrieri, P.; Gerber, MA.; Tani, LY. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help)