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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
The estimated incidence of ARN is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals. Worldwide, the increase in [[immunocompromised]] and aged populations in most countries has been correlated with an increase in the incidence of acute retinal necrosis.<ref name="pmid22281865">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cochrane TF, Silvestri G, McDowell C, Foot B, McAvoy CE |title=Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study |journal=Eye (Lond) |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=370–7; quiz 378 |year=2012 |pmid=22281865 |pmc=3298997 |doi=10.1038/eye.2011.338 |url=}}</ref> There is evidence that this incidence is underestimated due to biases in case adjudication and under-reporting of data.<ref name="pmid17504853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child CS, Mitchell SM |title=Acute retinal necrosis: a national population-based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the UK |journal=Br J Ophthalmol |volume=91 |issue=11 |pages=1452–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17504853 |pmc=2095441 |doi=10.1136/bjo.2007.114884 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18584564">{{cite journal| author=Usui Y, Goto H| title=Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2008 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 275-83 | pmid=18584564 | doi=10.1080/08820530802111325 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18584564  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17264500">{{cite journal| author=Kezuka T, Atherton SS| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Chem Immunol Allergy | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue=  | pages= 244-53 | pmid=17264500 | doi=10.1159/000099275 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17264500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16282149">{{cite journal| author=Bonfioli AA, Eller AW| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2005 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 155-60 | pmid=16282149 | doi=10.1080/08820530500232027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282149  }} </ref><ref name="ARNopth">{{cite journal| author=Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL | title=Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes | journal=Opthalmology | year=2007 | volume=114 |  Issue=4 | pages=756-762 | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642006012073  }}</ref>
*The estimated incidence of ARN is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals.  
*Worldwide, the increase in [[immunocompromised]] and aged populations in most countries has been correlated with an increase in the incidence of acute retinal necrosis.<ref name="pmid22281865">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cochrane TF, Silvestri G, McDowell C, Foot B, McAvoy CE |title=Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study |journal=Eye (Lond) |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=370–7; quiz 378 |year=2012 |pmid=22281865 |pmc=3298997 |doi=10.1038/eye.2011.338 |url=}}</ref>  
*There is evidence that this incidence is underestimated due to biases in case adjudication and under-reporting of data.<ref name="pmid17504853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child CS, Mitchell SM |title=Acute retinal necrosis: a national population-based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the UK |journal=Br J Ophthalmol |volume=91 |issue=11 |pages=1452–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17504853 |pmc=2095441 |doi=10.1136/bjo.2007.114884 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18584564">{{cite journal| author=Usui Y, Goto H| title=Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2008 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 275-83 | pmid=18584564 | doi=10.1080/08820530802111325 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18584564  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17264500">{{cite journal| author=Kezuka T, Atherton SS| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Chem Immunol Allergy | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue=  | pages= 244-53 | pmid=17264500 | doi=10.1159/000099275 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17264500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16282149">{{cite journal| author=Bonfioli AA, Eller AW| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2005 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 155-60 | pmid=16282149 | doi=10.1080/08820530500232027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282149  }} </ref><ref name="ARNopth">{{cite journal| author=Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL | title=Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes | journal=Opthalmology | year=2007 | volume=114 |  Issue=4 | pages=756-762 | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642006012073  }}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] (ARN) developed from [[Herpes simplex virus]] 1 and [[Varicella-zoster virus]] is most common among patients older than 50 years.<ref name="pmid25356955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D |title=Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=2088–96 |year=2014 |pmid=25356955 |pmc=4226315 |doi=10.12659/MSM.890469 |url=}}</ref> [[Herpes simplex virus]] (HSV) 2 infection is more common among children and adolescents; the incidence of HSV-2-caused ARN is highest in children and young adults between age 9 and 22 years.
*Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] (ARN) developed from [[Herpes simplex virus]] 1 and [[Varicella-zoster virus]] is most common among patients older than 50 years.<ref name="pmid25356955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D |title=Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=2088–96 |year=2014 |pmid=25356955 |pmc=4226315 |doi=10.12659/MSM.890469 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Herpes simplex virus]] (HSV) 2 infection is more common among children and adolescents; the incidence of HSV-2-caused ARN is highest in children and young adults between age 9 and 22 years.


===Gender===
===Gender===
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:16, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

The estimated incidence of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals. ARN that has developed from Herpes simplex virus 1 or Varicella-zoster virus is most common among patients older than 50 years, while the incidence of HSV-2 caused ARN is highest in children and young adults between age 9 and 22 years. There is no racial or gender predisposition to acute retinal necrosis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The estimated incidence of ARN is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals.
  • Worldwide, the increase in immunocompromised and aged populations in most countries has been correlated with an increase in the incidence of acute retinal necrosis.[1]
  • There is evidence that this incidence is underestimated due to biases in case adjudication and under-reporting of data.[2][3][4][5][6]

Age

Gender

There is no gender predisposition to acute retinal necrosis.

Race

There is no racial predisposition to acute retinal necrosis.

References

  1. ↑ Cochrane TF, Silvestri G, McDowell C, Foot B, McAvoy CE (2012). "Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study". Eye (Lond). 26 (3): 370–7, quiz 378. doi:10.1038/eye.2011.338. PMC 3298997. PMID 22281865.
  2. ↑ Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child CS, Mitchell SM (2007). "Acute retinal necrosis: a national population-based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the UK". Br J Ophthalmol. 91 (11): 1452–5. doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.114884. PMC 2095441. PMID 17504853.
  3. ↑ Usui Y, Goto H (2008). "Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (4): 275–83. doi:10.1080/08820530802111325. PMID 18584564.
  4. ↑ Kezuka T, Atherton SS (2007). "Acute retinal necrosis". Chem Immunol Allergy. 92: 244–53. doi:10.1159/000099275. PMID 17264500.
  5. ↑ Bonfioli AA, Eller AW (2005). "Acute retinal necrosis". Semin Ophthalmol. 20 (3): 155–60. doi:10.1080/08820530500232027. PMID 16282149.
  6. ↑ Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL (2007). "Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes". Opthalmology. 114: 756–762. Unknown parameter |Issue= ignored (|issue= suggested) (help)
  7. ↑ Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D (2014). "Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis". Med. Sci. Monit. 20: 2088–96. doi:10.12659/MSM.890469. PMC 4226315. PMID 25356955.

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