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'''Poly(A) polymerase alpha''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PAPOLA'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8302877">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A | title = Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 979–83 |date=Mar 1994 | pmid = 8302877 | pmc = 521437 | doi =10.1073/pnas.91.3.979 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10429366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M | title = Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence | journal = J Hum Genet | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–5 |date=Sep 1999 | pmid = 10429366 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s100380050154 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10914| accessdate = }}</ref> | '''Poly(A) polymerase alpha''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PAPOLA'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8302877">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A | title = Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 979–83 |date=Mar 1994 | pmid = 8302877 | pmc = 521437 | doi =10.1073/pnas.91.3.979 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10429366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M | title = Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence | journal = J Hum Genet | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–5 |date=Sep 1999 | pmid = 10429366 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s100380050154 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10914| accessdate = }}</ref> | ||
PAPOLA binds to [[FIP1L1]] (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the [[CPSF1|cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1]] (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the [[Directionality (molecular biology)|3' end]] of [[precursor mRNA]]s (pre-mRNA) (see [[CPSF]]). CPSF1 is an [[RNA]] processing protein that binds to [[uracil]]-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates POPOLA's [[Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase]] activity, and thereby adds [[Adenosine monophosphate|adenylyl]] residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. ''FIP1L1'' [[Fusion gene|gene fusions]] between it and either the [[PDGFRA|platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (''PGDFRA'')]] or [[Retinoic acid receptor alpha]] (RARA) genes are causes of certain human [[Hypereosinophilia|diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils]] and/or [[Leukemia]]s.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/81608</ref><ref | PAPOLA binds to [[FIP1L1]] (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the [[CPSF1|cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1]] (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the [[Directionality (molecular biology)|3' end]] of [[precursor mRNA]]s (pre-mRNA) (see [[CPSF]]). CPSF1 is an [[RNA]] processing protein that binds to [[uracil]]-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates POPOLA's [[Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase]] activity, and thereby adds [[Adenosine monophosphate|adenylyl]] residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. ''FIP1L1'' [[Fusion gene|gene fusions]] between it and either the [[PDGFRA|platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (''PGDFRA'')]] or [[Retinoic acid receptor alpha]] (RARA) genes are causes of certain human [[Hypereosinophilia|diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils]] and/or [[Leukemia]]s.<ref name="nih.gov">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/81608</ref><ref name="nih.gov"/> | ||
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Latest revision as of 06:28, 10 January 2019
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Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA gene.[1][2][3]
PAPOLA binds to FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the 3' end of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see CPSF). CPSF1 is an RNA processing protein that binds to uracil-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates POPOLA's Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1 gene fusions between it and either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA) or Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or Leukemias.[4][4]
References
- ↑ Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.979. PMC 521437. PMID 8302877.
- ↑ Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi:10.1007/s100380050154. PMID 10429366.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/81608
Further reading
- Weichs an der Glon C, Ashe M, Eggermont J, Proudfoot NJ (1993). "Tat-dependent occlusion of the HIV poly(A) site". EMBO J. 12 (5): 2119–28. PMC 413433. PMID 8491200.
- Pendurthi UR, Alok D, Rao LV (1997). "Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12598–603. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12598. PMC 25051. PMID 9356495.
- Varani L, Gunderson SI, Mattaj IW, et al. (2000). "The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (4): 329–35. doi:10.1038/74101. PMID 10742179.
- Mouland AJ, Coady M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA (2002). "Hypophosphorylation of poly(A) polymerase and increased polyadenylation activity are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr expression". Virology. 292 (2): 321–30. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1261. PMID 11878934.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Kim H, Lee JH, Lee Y (2003). "Regulation of poly(A) polymerase by 14-3-3epsilon". EMBO J. 22 (19): 5208–19. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg486. PMC 204469. PMID 14517258.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216.
- Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, et al. (2005). "Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase". EMBO J. 23 (3): 616–26. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070. PMC 1271804. PMID 14749727.
- Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, et al. (2005). "Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (34): 35788–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403927200. PMID 15169763.
- Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
- Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
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