Rectal prolapse natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:33, 16 February 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments may be associated.
Common complications of rectal prolapse include fecal incontinence, constipation and rectal incarceration or even strangulation.
All women with prolapse can be treated and their symptoms improved, even if not completely resolved.

Natural History

Allowing rectal prolapse to continue untreated beyond 4 years may lead to higher rates of subsequent rectal prolapse recurrence, secondary to a weakened pelvic floor. ^[1] In addition, Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments (bladder stones or urethral stricture) may be associated.^[2]

Complications

Common complications of rectal prolapse include:^[1]^[3]^[4]

Fecal incontinence (50-75%)
Constipation (25-50%)
Rectal incarceration or even strangulation

Prognosis

All women with prolapse can be treated and their symptoms improved, even if not completely resolved.^[5]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR (2017). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse". Dis. Colon Rectum. 60 (11): 1121–1131. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889. PMID 28991074.
↑ Shin EJ (2011). "Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27 (1): 5–12. doi:10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5. PMC 3053504. PMID 21431090.
↑ Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE (2014). "Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 18 (5): 1059–69. doi:10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID 24352613.
↑ Goldstein SD, Maxwell PJ (2011). "Rectal prolapse". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 24 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272822. PMC 3140332. PMID 22379404.
↑ Weber AM, Richter HE (2005). "Pelvic organ prolapse". Obstet Gynecol. 106 (3): 615–34. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000175832.13266.bb. PMID 16135597.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid28991074-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR (2017). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse". Dis. Colon Rectum. 60 (11): 1121–1131. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889. PMID 28991074.

[pmid21431090-2] Shin EJ (2011). "Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27 (1): 5–12. doi:10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5. PMC 3053504. PMID 21431090.

[pmid24352613-3] Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE (2014). "Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 18 (5): 1059–69. doi:10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID 24352613.

[pmid22379404-4] Goldstein SD, Maxwell PJ (2011). "Rectal prolapse". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 24 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272822. PMC 3140332. PMID 22379404.

[pmid16135597-5] Weber AM, Richter HE (2005). "Pelvic organ prolapse". Obstet Gynecol. 106 (3): 615–34. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000175832.13266.bb. PMID 16135597.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Xyz}}
+{{Rectal prolapse}}
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SHH}}
 ==Overview==
-If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
+* Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed [[rectum]] is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments may be associated.
+* Common complications of rectal prolapse include [[fecal incontinence]], [[constipation]] and rectal incarceration or even strangulation.
-OR
+* All women with prolapse can be treated and their symptoms improved, even if not completely resolved.
-Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
-OR
+==Natural History==
+Allowing rectal prolapse to continue untreated beyond 4 years may lead to higher rates of subsequent rectal prolapse recurrence, secondary to a weakened [[pelvic floor]]. <ref name="pmid28991074">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR |title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=60 |issue=11 |pages=1121–1131 |year=2017 |pmid=28991074 |doi=10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889 |url=}}</ref>
+In addition, Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments ([[bladder stones]] or [[urethral stricture]]) may be associated.<ref name="pmid21431090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shin EJ |title=Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse |journal=J Korean Soc Coloproctol |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=5–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21431090 |pmc=3053504 |doi=10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5 |url=}}</ref>
-Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
+==Complications==
-==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
+Common complications of rectal prolapse include:<ref name="pmid28991074">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR |title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=60 |issue=11 |pages=1121–1131 |year=2017 |pmid=28991074 |doi=10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24352613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE |title=Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies |journal=J. Gastrointest. Surg. |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=1059–69 |year=2014 |pmid=24352613 |doi=10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22379404">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goldstein SD, Maxwell PJ |title=Rectal prolapse |journal=Clin Colon Rectal Surg |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=39–45 |year=2011 |pmid=22379404 |pmc=3140332 |doi=10.1055/s-0031-1272822 |url=}}</ref>
+*[[Fecal incontinence]] (50-75%)
-===Natural History===
+*[[Constipation]] (25-50%)
-Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments (bladder stones or urethral stricture) may be associated.<ref name="pmid21431090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shin EJ |title=Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse |journal=J Korean Soc Coloproctol |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=5–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21431090 |pmc=3053504 |doi=10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5 |url=}}</ref>
+*Rectal incarceration or even strangulation
+==Prognosis==
-===Complications===
+All women with prolapse can be treated and their symptoms improved, even if not completely resolved.<ref name="pmid16135597">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weber AM, Richter HE |title=Pelvic organ prolapse |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=615–34 |year=2005 |pmid=16135597 |doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000175832.13266.bb |url=}}</ref>
-*Common complications of rectal prolapse include:<ref name="pmid28991074">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR |title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=60 |issue=11 |pages=1121–1131 |year=2017 |pmid=28991074 |doi=10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24352613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE |title=Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies |journal=J. Gastrointest. Surg. |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=1059–69 |year=2014 |pmid=24352613 |doi=10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7 |url=}}</ref>
-**[[Fecal incontinence]] (50-75%)
-**[[Constipation]] (25-50%)
-**Rectal incarceration or even strangulation
-===Prognosis===
-*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
-*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
-*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
-*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
-*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
 ==References==
@@ Line 37: / Line 25: @@
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
-[[Category: (name of the system)]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]