Aplastic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 18:48, 20 August 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of aplastic anemia include hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV. Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride. Other causes include radiation, chemotherapy, toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene, and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are Lupus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, .pregnancy, Thymoma , and collagen vascular disease.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source]

There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.

Common Causes

Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:^[1]

Idiopathic
Infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride.
Radiation
chemotherapy
Toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Metastasis

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:^[1]

Genetic Causes

Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:^[2]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Thymoma
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Fulminent hepatitis
Genetic	Fanconi anemia Shwachman-Diamond syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Severe vit B12 and Folate deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Acute lymphocytic leukemia, MDS
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Anorexia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.
↑ Shallis, Rory M; Ahmad, Rami; Zeidan, Amer M (2018). "Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts". European Journal of Haematology. doi:10.1111/ejh.13153. ISSN 0902-4441.

[Young2002-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.

[ShallisAhmad2018-2] Shallis, Rory M; Ahmad, Rami; Zeidan, Amer M (2018). "Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts". European Journal of Haematology. doi:10.1111/ejh.13153. ISSN 0902-4441.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
 ==Overview==
-The cause of the damage can be acquired or inherited. Acquired aplastic anemia is more common, and sometimes it's only temporary. Inherited aplastic anemia is rare. More than half of the cases of [[aplastic anemia]] are idiopathic. Chemicals, drugs, viral infections, [[collagen vascular disease]]s, and [[thymoma]] can be implicated as the causative factor in the other cases. Some research suggests that stem cell damage may occur because the body's immune system attacks its own cells by mistake.
+Common causes of aplastic anemia include [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]]. Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]. [[Radiation|Other causes include radiation]], [[chemotherapy]], toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]], and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]], r[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]], .pregnancy, [[Thymoma]][[Collagen vascular disease|, and collagen vascular disease]].
 ==Causes==
-===Acquired Causes===
+=== Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source] ===
-Many diseases, conditions, and factors can cause aplastic anemia, including:
+* There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.
-* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]].
-* Radiation and chemotherapy
+=== Common Causes ===
-* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (an antibiotic rarely used in the United States, [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
+Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:<ref name="Young2002">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Neal S.|title=Acquired Aplastic Anemia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=136|issue=7|year=2002|pages=534|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011}}</ref>
+* Idiopathic
 * Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
+* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
+* [[Radiation]]
+* [[chemotherapy]]
+* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
+* Metastasis
+=== Less Common Causes ===
+Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:<ref name="Young2002" />
+* [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]]
+* R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]].
+* Pregnancy
+* [[Thymoma]]
 * [[Collagen vascular disease]]
-* [[Thymoma]]
-* Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].
-* [[Pregnancy]] (aplastic anemia that occurs during pregnancy often goes away after delivery.)
-* Metastaic involvement of bone marrow
-===Inherited Causes===
+=== Genetic Causes ===
-Certain inherited conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia. Examples include:
+Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:<ref name="ShallisAhmad2018">{{cite journal|last1=Shallis|first1=Rory M|last2=Ahmad|first2=Rami|last3=Zeidan|first3=Amer M|title=Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts|journal=European Journal of Haematology|year=2018|issn=09024441|doi=10.1111/ejh.13153}}</ref>
 * [[Fanconi anemia]]
 * [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
 * [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
 * [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
-===Drugs Associated===
-* [[Ceftazidime]]
-* [[Cefaclor]]
-* [[Cefaclor]]
-* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
-* [[Chlorpropamide]]
-* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
-* [[Dactinomycin]]
-* [[Dapsone]]
-* [[Eltrombopag]]
-* [[Felbamate]]
-* [[Flurbiprofen]]
-* [[Flucytosine]]
-* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
-* [[Isoniazid]]
-* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
-* [[Meprobamate]]
-* [[Nilutamide]]
-* [[Oxaprozin]]
-* [[Penicillamine]]
-* [[Probenecid]]
-* [[Tolbutamide]]
-* [[Tolazamide]]
-* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
-* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
-* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)]]
-* [[Sulfasalazine]]
-* [[Sulfacetamide]]
-===Other Causes===
-* Exposure to [[toxin]]s
-* [[Radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]]
-* Have certain infectious diseases, [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or inherited conditions
-=== Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source] ===
-* Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
-* Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
-* [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
-=== Common Causes ===
-Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:
-* Idiopathic
-* Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
-* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (an antibiotic rarely used in the United States, [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
-* [[Radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]]
-* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
-=== Less Common Causes[edit | edit source] ===
-Less common causes of [disease name] include:
-* Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].
-* [Cause2]
-* [Cause3]
-=== Genetic Causes[edit | edit source] ===
-* [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
 ===Causes by Organ System===
@@ Line 99: / Line 54: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 107: / Line 62: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Thymoma]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 115: / Line 70: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Fulminent hepatitis
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Fanconi anemia]]
+[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 131: / Line 90: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 143: / Line 102: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Severe [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|vit B12]] and [[Folic Acid|Folate]] deficiency
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 151: / Line 110: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Myelodysplastic syndrome|MDS]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 159: / Line 118: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 175: / Line 134: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[SLE]], R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 191: / Line 150: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Anorexia
 |-
 |}
-=== Causes in Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source] ===
+=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
-List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
-* Cause 1
+* [[Autoimmune diseases]]
-* Cause 2
+* [[Albendazole]]
-* Cause 3
+* [[Arsenic]]
-* Cause 4
+* [[Benzene]]
+* [[Ceftazidime]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
+* [[Chlorpropamide]]
+* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
+* [[Dactinomycin]]
+* [[Dapsone]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
+* [[Eltrombopag]]
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* [[Felbamate]]
+* [[Flurbiprofen]]
+* [[Flucytosine]]
+* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
+* [[Isoniazid]]
+* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
+* [[Meprobamate]]
+* [[Nilutamide]]
+* [[Oxaprozin]]
+* [[Penicillamine]]
+* [[Probenecid]]
+* [[pesticides]]
+* [[Tolbutamide]]
+* [[Tolazamide]]
+* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
+* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
+* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)|Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim]]
+* [[Sulfasalazine]]
+* [[Sulfacetamide]]
+* [[Thymoma]]
 ==References==