Milk-alkali syndrome laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | {{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SHA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The following laboratory findings are usually seen in milk-alkali syndrome: [[hypercalcemia]], [[metabolic alkalosis]], variable degrees of [[renal insufficiency]], low or normal [[phosphorus]], low [[Vitamin D]], and low [[Parathyroid hormone|PTH]]. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
* The following laboratory findings are seen in milk-alkali syndrome:<ref name="pmid16702792">{{cite journal| author=Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH| title=Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 331 | issue= 5 | pages= 233-42 | pmid=16702792 | doi=10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16702792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19252114">{{cite journal| author=Medarov BI| title=Milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2009 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 261-7 | pmid=19252114 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0 | pmc=2664604 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19252114 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3532984">{{cite journal| author=Kapsner P, Langsdorf L, Marcus R, Kraemer FB, Hoffman AR| title=Milk-alkali syndrome in patients treated with calcium carbonate after cardiac transplantation. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 1986 | volume= 146 | issue= 10 | pages= 1965-8 | pmid=3532984 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3532984 }} </ref> | * The following laboratory findings are seen in milk-alkali syndrome:<ref name="pmid16702792">{{cite journal| author=Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH| title=Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 331 | issue= 5 | pages= 233-42 | pmid=16702792 | doi=10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16702792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19252114">{{cite journal| author=Medarov BI| title=Milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2009 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 261-7 | pmid=19252114 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0 | pmc=2664604 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19252114 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3532984">{{cite journal| author=Kapsner P, Langsdorf L, Marcus R, Kraemer FB, Hoffman AR| title=Milk-alkali syndrome in patients treated with calcium carbonate after cardiac transplantation. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 1986 | volume= 146 | issue= 10 | pages= 1965-8 | pmid=3532984 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3532984 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23543983">{{cite journal| author=Arroyo M, Fenves AZ, Emmett M| title=The calcium-alkali syndrome. | journal=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | year= 2013 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 179-81 | pmid=23543983 | doi=10.1080/08998280.2013.11928954 | pmc=3603742 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23543983 }} </ref> | ||
**[[Hypercalcemia]] | **[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
**[[Metabolic alkalosis]] | **[[Metabolic alkalosis]] | ||
***Increase in [[bicarbonate]] and alkalotic [[pH]] | |||
**Variable degrees of [[renal insufficiency]] | **Variable degrees of [[renal insufficiency]] | ||
**[[Phosphorus]] may be normal or low | **[[Phosphorus]] may be normal or low | ||
**[[Vitamin D]] is usually low | ***[[Phosphorus]] levels used to be high in the classic milk-alkali syndrome due to the high [[phosphorus]] load from cream and milk consumption and renal insufficiency | ||
**[[Parathyroid hormone|Parathyroid hormone (PTH)]] is usually low | **[[Vitamin D]] is usually low | ||
*** [[Parathyroid hormone|PTH]] should be checked in order to rule out primary [[hyperparathyroidism]]. | **[[Parathyroid hormone|Parathyroid hormone (PTH)]] is usually low | ||
***[[Parathyroid hormone|PTH]] should be checked in order to rule out primary [[hyperparathyroidism]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:08, 16 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
The following laboratory findings are usually seen in milk-alkali syndrome: hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, variable degrees of renal insufficiency, low or normal phosphorus, low Vitamin D, and low PTH.
Laboratory Findings
- The following laboratory findings are seen in milk-alkali syndrome:[1][2][3][4]
- Hypercalcemia
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Increase in bicarbonate and alkalotic pH
- Variable degrees of renal insufficiency
- Phosphorus may be normal or low
- Phosphorus levels used to be high in the classic milk-alkali syndrome due to the high phosphorus load from cream and milk consumption and renal insufficiency
- Vitamin D is usually low
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is usually low
- PTH should be checked in order to rule out primary hyperparathyroidism.
References
- ↑ Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH (2006). "Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome". Am J Med Sci. 331 (5): 233–42. doi:10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001. PMID 16702792.
- ↑ Medarov BI (2009). "Milk-alkali syndrome". Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.
- ↑ Kapsner P, Langsdorf L, Marcus R, Kraemer FB, Hoffman AR (1986). "Milk-alkali syndrome in patients treated with calcium carbonate after cardiac transplantation". Arch Intern Med. 146 (10): 1965–8. PMID 3532984.
- ↑ Arroyo M, Fenves AZ, Emmett M (2013). "The calcium-alkali syndrome". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 26 (2): 179–81. doi:10.1080/08998280.2013.11928954. PMC 3603742. PMID 23543983.