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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common complications of [[adrenal insufficiency]] include cardiovascular complications, disturbed sleep, reduced bone mineral density. Prognosis is generally excellent with replacement therapy. | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
| Line 22: | Line 15: | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of [[adrenal insufficiency]] include: <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)00827-X/pdf |title=www.amjmed.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | *Common complications of [[adrenal insufficiency]] include: <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)00827-X/pdf |title=www.amjmed.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
**Increased risk of cardiovascular complications. | |||
**Sleep disturbance due to disruption of [[circadian]] rhythm. | **Sleep disturbance due to disruption of [[circadian]] rhythm. | ||
**Decreased bone mineral density as a consequence of [[glucocorticoid]] therapy. | **Decreased bone mineral density as a consequence of [[glucocorticoid]] therapy. | ||
| Line 27: | Line 21: | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Prognosis is generally excellent | *Prognosis is generally excellent with replacement therapy. | ||
*Depending on the | *Depending on the age of the diagnosis of [[adrenal insufficiency]] the prognosis may vary. If the patient is diagnosed before the age of 40, there is increased mortality. | ||
* | *Mortality is increased in patients presenting with acute [[adrenal crisis]], infection, or associated with [[type 1 diabetes mellitus]] <ref name="ErichsenLøvås2009">{{cite journal|last1=Erichsen|first1=Martina M|last2=Løvås|first2=Kristian|last3=Fougner|first3=Kristian J|last4=Svartberg|first4=Johan|last5=Hauge|first5=Erik R|last6=Bollerslev|first6=Jens|last7=Berg|first7=Jens P|last8=Mella|first8=Bjarne|last9=Husebye|first9=Eystein S|title=Normal overall mortality rate in Addison's disease, but young patients are at risk of premature death|journal=European Journal of Endocrinology|volume=160|issue=2|year=2009|pages=233–237|issn=0804-4643|doi=10.1530/EJE-08-0550}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:30, 23 October 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayeesha Kattubadi, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Common complications of adrenal insufficiency include cardiovascular complications, disturbed sleep, reduced bone mineral density. Prognosis is generally excellent with replacement therapy.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency usually develop in the third to fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain.
- If left untreated, chronic adrenal insufficiency in the presence of precipitating factors can develop adrenal crisis presenting with acute hemodynamic compromise. [1]
Complications
- Common complications of adrenal insufficiency include: [2]
- Increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
- Sleep disturbance due to disruption of circadian rhythm.
- Decreased bone mineral density as a consequence of glucocorticoid therapy.
- Fertility and pregnancy complications: Reduced fertility, increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, cesarean delivery
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent with replacement therapy.
- Depending on the age of the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency the prognosis may vary. If the patient is diagnosed before the age of 40, there is increased mortality.
- Mortality is increased in patients presenting with acute adrenal crisis, infection, or associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus [3]
References
- ↑ Pazderska, Agnieszka; Pearce, Simon HS (2017). "Adrenal insufficiency – recognition and management". Clinical Medicine. 17 (3): 258–262. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-258. ISSN 1470-2118.
- ↑ "www.amjmed.com".
- ↑ Erichsen, Martina M; Løvås, Kristian; Fougner, Kristian J; Svartberg, Johan; Hauge, Erik R; Bollerslev, Jens; Berg, Jens P; Mella, Bjarne; Husebye, Eystein S (2009). "Normal overall mortality rate in Addison's disease, but young patients are at risk of premature death". European Journal of Endocrinology. 160 (2): 233–237. doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0550. ISSN 0804-4643.