Fever of unknown origin laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin== | ==Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin== | ||
Laboratory work up for FUO is directed by history and physical examination which may provide some clues helping in narrowing down investigations. However some laboratory investigations listed below are mandatory in cases of FUO.<ref name="pmid26031980">{{cite journal| author=Mulders-Manders C, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers C| title=Fever of unknown origin. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 280-4 | pmid=26031980 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-280 | pmc=4953114 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26031980 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23977936">{{cite journal| author=Kaya A, Ergul N, Kaya SY, Kilic F, Yilmaz MH, Besirli K | display-authors=etal| title=The management and the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2013 | volume= 11 | issue= 8 | pages= 805-15 | pmid=23977936 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2013.814436 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23977936 }}</ref> | Laboratory work up for FUO is directed by history and physical examination which may provide some clues helping in narrowing down investigations. However some laboratory investigations listed below are mandatory in cases of FUO.<ref name="pmid26031980">{{cite journal| author=Mulders-Manders C, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers C| title=Fever of unknown origin. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 280-4 | pmid=26031980 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-280 | pmc=4953114 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26031980 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23977936">{{cite journal| author=Kaya A, Ergul N, Kaya SY, Kilic F, Yilmaz MH, Besirli K | display-authors=etal| title=The management and the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2013 | volume= 11 | issue= 8 | pages= 805-15 | pmid=23977936 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2013.814436 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23977936 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22475734">{{cite journal| author=Hayakawa K, Ramasamy B, Chandrasekar PH| title=Fever of unknown origin: an evidence-based review. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 344 | issue= 4 | pages= 307-16 | pmid=22475734 | doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31824ae504 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22475734 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Complete blood count|Complete blood count with differential]] | *[[Complete blood count|Complete blood count with differential]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:48, 25 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: febris continua e causa ignota; febris e causa ignota; febris E.C.I.; fever/pyrexia of obscured/undetermined/uncertain/unidentifiable/unknown focus/origin/source; fever/pyrexia without a focus/origin/source; FUO; PUO
Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin
Laboratory work up for FUO is directed by history and physical examination which may provide some clues helping in narrowing down investigations. However some laboratory investigations listed below are mandatory in cases of FUO.[1][2][3]
- Complete blood count with differential
- Hemoglobin
- Basic metabolic panel
- Liver function test including aminotransferases (AST and ALT), LDH, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase
- Creatine kinase
- Blood cultures (at least 2 sets)
- Urinalysis with microscopic examination
- Urine cultures
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- C-reactive protein
- Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- Antinuclear antibodies
- Rheumatoid factor
- Serum protein electrophoresis
- Tuberculin skin test
Other Laboratory work up done in case FUO other than mandatory work up are :[4][5]
- HIV serology
- Coombs test
- Cold agglutinins
- Heterophile antibody test
- Thyroid peroxidase and anti thyroid antibody test
References
- ↑ Mulders-Manders C, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers C (2015). "Fever of unknown origin". Clin Med (Lond). 15 (3): 280–4. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-280. PMC 4953114. PMID 26031980.
- ↑ Kaya A, Ergul N, Kaya SY, Kilic F, Yilmaz MH, Besirli K; et al. (2013). "The management and the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 11 (8): 805–15. doi:10.1586/14787210.2013.814436. PMID 23977936.
- ↑ Hayakawa K, Ramasamy B, Chandrasekar PH (2012). "Fever of unknown origin: an evidence-based review". Am J Med Sci. 344 (4): 307–16. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31824ae504. PMID 22475734.
- ↑ Hirschmann, J. V. (1997-03). "Fever of unknown origin in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 24 (3): 291–300, quiz 301-302. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 9114175. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Cunha, Burke A. (2007-12). "Fever of unknown origin: focused diagnostic approach based on clinical clues from the history, physical examination, and laboratory tests". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 21 (4): 1137–1187, xi. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.09.004. ISSN 0891-5520. PMID 18061092. Check date values in:
|date=(help)