Chorioamnionitis causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Chorioamnionitis}}
{{Chorioamnionitis}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Adnan Ezici}} ; {{LRO}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{LRO}} {{Adnan Ezici}}
==Overview==
==Causes==
==Causes==
Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either [[bacterial]], [[fungal]], or [[viral]] microorganisms.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either [[bacterial]], [[fungal]], or [[viral]] microorganisms.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref>
Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Bacteroides]] sp., especially Prevotella bivius
*[[Bacteroides]] sp., especially Prevotella bivius
*[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]
*[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]
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*Viruses ([[adenoviruses]] might be associated with histological inflammation.
*Viruses ([[adenoviruses]] might be associated with histological inflammation.
*Fungi, especially [[candida]], might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using [[intrauterine devices]].<ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref>
*Fungi, especially [[candida]], might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using [[intrauterine devices]].<ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref>
**Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by [[preterm birth]] and adverse fetal outcomes.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
**Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by [[preterm birth]] and adverse fetal outcomes.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients.
*Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients.
Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome
Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome
*Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes):
*Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes):
**Fusobacterium nucleatum
**Fusobacterium nucleatum
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===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|'''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|'''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|'''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|'''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|'''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|'''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|'''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Escherichia coli]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Escherichia coli]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|'''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|'''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mycoplasma hominis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mycoplasma hominis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|'''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|'''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenovirus]],  [[Bacteroides ]],  [[Candida albicans]],  [[Chlamydia trachomatis]],  [[Endometritis]],  [[Enterobacteriaceae]],  [[Escherichia coli]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacteria sp.]], [[Gardnerella vaginalis ]],  [[Gram-negative anaerobes ]],  [[Listeria monocytogenes]],  [[Mycoplasma hominis ]],  [[Prevotella bivius]],  [[Streptococcus group b]],  [[Streptococcus group a]],  [[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Adenovirus]],  [[Bacteroides ]] ,  [[Candida albicans]],  [[Chlamydia trachomatis]],  [[Endometritis]],  [[Enterobacteriaceae]],  [[Escherichia coli]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacteria sp.]], [[Gardnerella vaginalis ]] ,  [[Gram-negative anaerobes ]] ,  [[Listeria monocytogenes]],  [[Mycoplasma hominis ]] ,  [[Prevotella bivius]],  [[Streptococcus group b]],  [[Streptococcus group a]],  [[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|'''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mycoplasma hominis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mycoplasma hominis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|'''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]],  [[Endometritis]],  [[Prolonged labor]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Chlamydia trachomatis]],  [[Endometritis]],  [[Prolonged labor]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|'''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|'''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|'''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|'''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|'''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|'''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|'''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gardnerella vaginalis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Gardnerella vaginalis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|'''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|'''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Urinary tract infection]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Urinary tract infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|'''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Common Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Common Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Bacteroides]]
*[[Bacteroides]]
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[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:NeedsEnglishReview]]

Latest revision as of 16:01, 6 July 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D[2] ; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Causes

Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either bacterial, fungal, or viral microorganisms.[1]

Common Causes

Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:[1][2]

Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Escherichia coli
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Mycoplasma hominis
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Adenovirus, Bacteroides  , Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Fusobacteria sp., Gardnerella vaginalis  , Gram-negative anaerobes , Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hominis  , Prevotella bivius, Streptococcus group b, Streptococcus group a, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Mycoplasma hominis
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Prolonged labor
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual Gardnerella vaginalis
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Urinary tract infection
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Common Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fowler JR, Simon LV. PMID 30335284. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM (October 2015). "Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213 (4 Suppl): S29–52. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040. PMC 4774647. PMID 26428501.

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