Piritramide: Difference between revisions

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Piritramide
Clinical data
Trade names	Dipidolor
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy; category	No teratogenic effects in preclinical studies; but, as with other opioids it may cause reversible adverse effects in the newborn.;
Routes of; administration	Oral, IM, IV
ATC code	N02AC03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) ; US: Schedule I ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	95%
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	4-10 hours (acute dosing), 17.4 hours (chronic dosing)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl)-4-(1-piperidyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide;
CAS Number	302-41-0 ;
PubChem CID	9331;
ChemSpider	8967 ;
UNII	4RP92LYZ2F;
KEGG	D07288 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL559288 ;
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C27H34N4O
Molar mass	430.585 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES N#CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(CCN2CCC(N3CCCCC3)(CC2)C(N)=O)C4=CC=CC=C4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H34N4O/c28-22-26(23-10-4-1-5-11-23,24-12-6-2-7-13-24)14-19-30-20-15-27(16-21-30,25(29)32)31-17-8-3-9-18-31/h1-2,4-7,10-13H,3,8-9,14-21H2,(H2,29,32) ; Key:IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
(what is this?) (verify)

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 15:26, 13 April 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Piritramide (R-3365, trade names Dipidolor, Piridolan, Pirium and others) is a synthetic opioid analgesic (narcotic painkiller) that is marketed in certain European countries including: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany and the Netherlands.^[2] It comes in free form, is about 0.75x times as potent as morphine and is given parenterally (by injection) for the treatment of severe pain.^[2]^[3] Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and constipation are believed to be less frequent with piritramide than with morphine (which is the gold standard opioid against which other opioids are compared and contrasted against) and it produces more rapid-onset analgesia (pain relief) when compared to morphine and pethidine, after intravenous administration the onset of analgesia is as little as 1–2 minutes, which may be related to its great lipophilicity.^[4] The analgesic and sedative effects of piritramide are believed to be potentiated with phenothiazines and its emetic (nausea/vomiting-inducing) effects are suppressed.^[4] The volume of distribution is 0.7-1 L/kg after a single dose, 4.7-6 L/kg after steady-state concentrations are achieved and up to 11.1 L/kg after prolonged dosing.^[4]

History & Regulation

Piritramide was developed and patented in the Netherlands, at Janssen, in 1960. It is part of an eponymous two-member class of opioids in clinical use with the other being bezitramide (Burgodin). The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the diphenoxylate family, fentanyl (both Janssen discoveries) and somewhat more distantly alphaprodine.

Not being in clinical use in the United States, it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance with a DEA ACSCN of 9642 and manufacturing quota of zero.^[5] It presumably has abuse potential, and appears on the European black market on occasion and has a handful of street names including "Pierrette" and "P".^[6] LEXIS-NEXIS and other database searches do not show mentions of law enforcement contact with this drug in the United States. Piritramide is specifically exempted from the Canadian controlled-substances law, and its relative bezitramide is a Schedule II controlled substance in the US, although not used there as of 2014.

Synthesis

DE 1238472

References

↑ Jage, J; Laufenberg-Feldmann, R; Heid, F (May 2008). "Medikamente zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie: Bewährtes und Neues". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 57 (5): 491–8. doi:10.1007/s00101-008-1327-9. PMID 18409073. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Brayfield, A, ed. (23 September 2011). "Piritramide". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ Kay, B (December 1971). "A clinical investigation of piritramide in the treatment of postoperative pain". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 43 (12): 1167–71. doi:10.1093/bja/43.12.1167. PMID 4945251.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "FACHINFORMATION (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels)" (PDF). Janssen. Janssen - Cilag Pharma GmbH. November 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2014. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)
↑ http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/quotas/2013/fr0620.htm
↑ Inside Narcotics, 5th Edition, pp 347 (sidebar) "Piritramide -- what they say - Wien 8/iii/2002"

[deranaes-1] Jage, J; Laufenberg-Feldmann, R; Heid, F (May 2008). "Medikamente zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie: Bewährtes und Neues". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 57 (5): 491–8. doi:10.1007/s00101-008-1327-9. PMID 18409073. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)

[MD-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Brayfield, A, ed. (23 September 2011). "Piritramide". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[3] Kay, B (December 1971). "A clinical investigation of piritramide in the treatment of postoperative pain". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 43 (12): 1167–71. doi:10.1093/bja/43.12.1167. PMID 4945251.

[SPC-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "FACHINFORMATION (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels)" (PDF). Janssen. Janssen - Cilag Pharma GmbH. November 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2014. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)

[5] ttp://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/quotas/2013/fr0620.htm

[6] Inside Narcotics, 5th Edition, pp 347 (sidebar) "Piritramide -- what they say - Wien 8/iii/2002"

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Drugbox|
+{{Drugbox
-| IUPAC_name = ''1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl)-4-(1-piperidyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide''
+| Verifiedfields = changed
-| image = Piritramide.png
+| Watchedfields = changed
-| width = 200
+| verifiedrevid = 464207919
+| IUPAC_name = 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl)-4-(1-piperidyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide
+| image = Piritramide Wiki Str.png
+| width = 130px
+| image2 = 220px-Piritramide3DanJ2.gif
+| width2 = 320px
+<!--Clinical data-->
+| tradename = Dipidolor
+| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|piritramide}}
+| pregnancy_AU =
+| pregnancy_US =
+| pregnancy_category = No teratogenic effects in preclinical studies; but, as with other opioids it may cause reversible adverse effects in the newborn.
+| legal_AU = S8
+| legal_US = Schedule I
+| routes_of_administration = Oral, [[Intramuscular injection|IM]], [[Intravenous therapy|IV]]
+<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
+| bioavailability =
+| protein_bound = 95%<ref name = deranaes>{{cite journal|last=Jage|first=J|author2=Laufenberg-Feldmann, R |author3=Heid, F |title=Medikamente zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie: Bewährtes und Neues|trans_title=Drugs for postoperative analgesia: routine and new aspects: Part 2: opioids, ketamine and gabapentinoids|journal=Der Anaesthesist|date=May 2008|volume=57|issue=5|pages=491–8|doi=10.1007/s00101-008-1327-9|pmid=18409073|language=German}}</ref>
+| metabolism = Liver
+| elimination_half-life = 4-10 hours (acute dosing), 17.4 hours (chronic dosing)
+| excretion =
+<!--Identifiers-->
+| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
 | CAS_number = 302-41-0
-| ATC_prefix =
+| ATC_prefix = N02
-| ATC_suffix =
+| ATC_suffix = AC03
 | ATC_supplemental =
 | PubChem = 9331
-| DrugBank =
+| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
-| C = 27 | H = 34 | N = 4 | O = 1
+| DrugBank =
+| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
+| ChemSpiderID = 8967
+| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
+| UNII = 4RP92LYZ2F
+| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
+| KEGG = D07288
+| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
+| ChEMBL = 559288
+<!--Chemical data-->
+| C=27 | H=34 | N=4 | O=1
 | molecular_weight = 430.585 g/mol
-| bioavailability =
+| smiles = N#CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(CCN2CCC(N3CCCCC3)(CC2)C(N)=O)C4=CC=CC=C4
-| metabolism =
+| InChI = 1/C27H34N4O/c28-22-26(23-10-4-1-5-11-23,24-12-6-2-7-13-24)14-19-30-20-15-27(16-21-30,25(29)32)31-17-8-3-9-18-31/h1-2,4-7,10-13H,3,8-9,14-21H2,(H2,29,32)
-| elimination_half-life =
+| InChIKey = IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYAS
-| excretion =
+| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
-| pregnancy_AU =
+| StdInChI = 1S/C27H34N4O/c28-22-26(23-10-4-1-5-11-23,24-12-6-2-7-13-24)14-19-30-20-15-27(16-21-30,25(29)32)31-17-8-3-9-18-31/h1-2,4-7,10-13H,3,8-9,14-21H2,(H2,29,32)
-| pregnancy_US =
+| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
-| legal_status =
+| StdInChIKey = IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
-| routes_of_administration = Oral, [[Intramuscular injection|IM]], [[Intravenous therapy|IV]]
 }}
-'''Piritramide''' ('''Dipidolor<sup>®</sup>''') is a synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] with about 65-75 percent of the mg-for-mg strength of morphine.  A common starting dose is 15 mg IV, equivalent to 10 mg of morphine hydrochloride. Piritramide is commonly used for the treatment of postoperative pain. Piritramide was discovered at [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]] in [[1960]] and is currently manufactured and distributed within continental Europe and some other places by Janssen-Cilag.
+__NOTOC__
+{{SI}}
-Piritramide is available in tablets and ampoules of sterile solution for injection by all routes, and is used in Patient Controlled Analgesia units.  In addition to PCA, piritramide is most often used in post-operative situations and emergency departments; some of its properties would seem to lend it well to chronic pain control as well.  It is one of the longer-lasting opioids and has a plasma half-life of 3 to 12 hours. Piritramide tends to cause less respiratory depression and can take a while to have full effect especially if taken by mouth.
+{{CMG}}
+== Overview ==
-Piritramide is also known as pirinitramide.  Its closest chemical relatives amongst well-known drugs are [[diphenoxylate]] (Lomotil<sup>®</sup>) and [[bezitramide]] (Burgodin<sup>®</sup>).
+'''Piritramide''' ('''R-3365''', trade names '''Dipidolor''', '''Piridolan''', '''Pirium''' and others) is a synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] (narcotic painkiller) that is marketed in certain [[Europe]]an countries including: [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]].<ref name = MD>{{cite web|title=Piritramide|work=Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=23 September 2011|editor=Brayfield, A|url=http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/6259-x.htm}}</ref> It comes in free form, is about 0.75x times as potent as [[morphine]] and is given [[parenterally]] (by injection) for the treatment of severe pain.<ref name = MD/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Kay|first=B|title=A clinical investigation of piritramide in the treatment of postoperative pain.|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|date=December 1971|volume=43|issue=12|pages=1167–71|doi=10.1093/bja/43.12.1167|pmid=4945251}}</ref> Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and constipation are believed to be less frequent with piritramide than with [[morphine]] (which is the gold standard opioid against which other opioids are compared and contrasted against) and it produces more rapid-onset analgesia (pain relief) when compared to morphine and [[pethidine]], after intravenous administration the onset of analgesia is as little as 1–2 minutes, which may be related to its great [[lipophilicity]].<ref name = SPC>{{cite web|title=FACHINFORMATION (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels)|trans_title=PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION (Summary of Product Characteristics)|work=Janssen|publisher=Janssen - Cilag Pharma GmbH|format=PDF|url=http://www.janssen-medinfo.at/sites/janssen_medinfo_at/themes/medinfo_at/images/Dipidolor_FI_20131206.pdf|accessdate=9 April 2014|date=November 2013}}</ref> The analgesic and sedative effects of piritramide are believed to be potentiated with phenothiazines and its emetic (nausea/vomiting-inducing) effects are suppressed.<ref name = SPC/> The [[volume of distribution]] is 0.7-1 L/kg after a single dose, 4.7-6 L/kg after steady-state concentrations are achieved and up to 11.1 L/kg after prolonged dosing.<ref name = SPC/>
-Piritramide's most common trade name is '''Dipidolor'''<sup>®</sup> and it is used most heavily in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany.
+==History & Regulation==
+Piritramide was developed and patented in the Netherlands, at Janssen, in 1960.  It is part of an eponymous two-member class of opioids in clinical use with the other being [[bezitramide]] (Burgodin).  The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the [[diphenoxylate]] family, [[fentanyl]] (both Janssen discoveries) and somewhat more distantly [[alphaprodine]].
-Piritramide is a strong opioid and therefore is regulated much the same as morphine in all known jurisdictions. It was never introduced in the United States and is therefore a Schedule I/Narcotic controlled substance.  It is listed under international treaties and other laws such as the German Betäubungsmittelgesetz, the Austrian Suchgiftmittelgesetz, the Opium Laws of various other European countries, Canadian controlled substances act, UK Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971, and equivalents elsewhere. Strangely enough, bezitramide, which is not currently marketed in the United States is a Schedule II/Narcotic controlled substance.
+Not being in clinical use in the United States, it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance with a DEA ACSCN of 9642 and manufacturing quota of zero.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/quotas/2013/fr0620.htm</ref>  It presumably has abuse potential, and appears on the European black market on occasion and has a handful of street names including "Pierrette" and "P".<ref>Inside Narcotics, 5th Edition, pp 347 (sidebar) "Piritramide -- what they say - Wien 8/iii/2002"</ref> LEXIS-NEXIS and other database searches do not show mentions of law enforcement contact with this drug in the United States.  Piritramide is specifically exempted from the Canadian controlled-substances law, and its relative bezitramide is a Schedule II controlled substance in the US, although not used there as of 2014.
+==Synthesis==
+*{{Cite patent|DE|1238472}}
-Piritramide has a small but dedicated community of recreational users and it has the street names '''P''', '''Dip''' (rhymes with "pipe") and '''Pierrette'''.
+==See also==
+*[[Diphenoxylate]]
+*[[Bezitramide]]
+*[[Pipamperone]]
 ==References==
-* Janssen PA, Pirinitramide (R 3365), a potent analgesic with unusual chemical structure, J Pharm Pharmacol. 1961 Sep;13:513-30.
+{{Reflist|2}}
-* Kay B, A clinical investigation of piritramide in the treatment of postoperative pain, Br J Anaesth. 1971 Dec;43(12):1167-71.
-* German Wikipedia article on Piritramide
-{{opioids}}
-[[de:Piritramid]]
+{{Analgesics}}
-[[ru:Пиритрамид]]
+{{Opioidergics}}
-[[sv:Piritramid]]
+[[Category:Drug]]
 [[Category:Opioids]]
-[[Category:Drugs]]
+[[Category:Piperidines]]
+[[Category:Amides]]
+[[Category:Nitriles]]
+[[Category:Mu-opioid agonists]]
+[[Category:Janssen Pharmaceutica]]
+[[Category:Belgian inventions]]

v t e Analgesic products (N02A, N02B)
Opioids See also: Opioids template	Alphaprodine · Anileridine · Buprenorphine · Butorphanol · Codeine · Dextromoramide · Dextropropoxyphene · Dezocine · Desomorphine · Diamorphine · Dihydrocodeine · Dihydromorphine · Fentanyl · Hydrocodone · Hydromorphone · Ketobemidone · Levorphanol · Meptazinol · Methadone · Morphine · Nalbuphine · Nicomorphine · Opium · Oxycodone · Oxymorphone · Pethidine · Pentazocine · Pethidine · Piminodine · Piritramide · Tilidine · Tramadol · Tapentadol
Salicylic acid and derivatives	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) · Benorylate · Diflunisal · Ethenzamide · Magnesium Salicylate · Salicin · Salicylamide · Salsalate · See also: NSAIDs
Pyrazolones	Ampyrone/Aminophenazone · Metamizole · Phenazone
Cannabinoids	Cannabis · Tetrahydrocannabinol · AM404
Anilides	Paracetamol (acetaminophen) · Phenacetin · Propacetamol
Non-Salicylate Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories See also: NSAIDs template	Template:Navbox subgroup
Atypical, Adjunct & Miscellaneous	Bicifadine · Clonidine · Cyclobenzaprine · Duloxetine · Flupirtine · Gabapentin · Nefopam · Orphenadrine · Trazadone · Ziconotide

v t e Opioid receptor modulators
MOR	Agonists (abridged; see here for a full list): 3-HO-PCP 7-Acetoxymitragynine 7-Hydroxymitragynine ψ-Akuammigine α-Chlornaltrexamine α-Narcotine Acetyldihydrocodeine Acetylfentanyl Acrylfentanyl Adrenorphin (metorphamide) AH-7921 Akuammicine Akuammidine Alfentanil Anileridine Apparicine β-Endorphin BAM-12P BAM-18P BAM-22P Benzhydrocodone Benzylmorphine Bezitramide Biphalin BU08070 Buprenorphine Butorphan Butorphanol Butyrfentanyl BW-373U86 Carfentanil Casokefamide Cebranopadol Chloroxymorphamine Codeine DADLE DAMGO (DAGO) Dermorphin Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) Desomorphine Dextromoramide Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene) Dezocine Dimenoxadol Dimethylaminopivalophenone Eluxadoline Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine Dihydroetorphine Dihydromorphine Dinalbuphine sebacate Diphenoxylate Dipipanone Dynorphin A Embutramide Endomorphin-1 Endomorphin-2 Eseroline Ethylmorphine Etorphine Fentanyl Fluorophen Frakefamide Furanylfentanyl Hemorphin-4 Herkinorin Hodgkinsine Hydrocodone Hydromorphinol Hydromorphone IBNtxA Ketamine Ketobemidone Kratom Laudanosine Lefetamine Leu-enkephalin Levacetylmethadol Levomethorphan Levorphanol Lexanopadol Loperamide Loxicodegol Matrine Meptazinol Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) Methadone Metkefamide Metopon Mitragynine Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl Morphiceptin Morphine Nalbuphine NalBzOH Nalmexone Naltalimide Neopine NFEPP Nicocodeine Nicodicodeine Nicomorphine NKTR-181 Norketamine Octreotide Oliceridine OM-3-MNZ Oripavine Oxycodone Oxymorphazone Oxymorphonazine Oxymorphone Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone OxyPNPH Papaver somniferum (opium) Pentazocine Pericine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenazocine Phencyclidine Piminodine Piritramide PL-017 Prodine Propiram PZM21 Racemethorphan Racemorphan Remifentanil Salsolinol SC-17599 Sinomenine Sufentanil Tapentadol Tetrahydropapaveroline TH-030418 Thebaine Thienorphine Tianeptine Tilidine Tramadol Trimebutine TRIMU 5 TRV734 Tubotaiwine U-47700 Valorphin Viminol Xorphanol PAMs: BMS-986121 BMS-986122 Antagonists: (3S,4S)-Picenadol 2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol 3CS-nalmefene 4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide 4′-Hydroxyflavanone 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 6β-Naltrexol 6β-Naltrexol-d4 18-MC α-Gliadin β-Chlornaltrexamine β-Funaltrexamine Akuammine Alvimopan AM-251 Apigenin AT-076 Axelopran Bevenopran Catechin Catechin gallate Clocinnamox CTAP CTOP Cyclofoxy Cyprodime Diacetylnalorphine Diprenorphine ECG EGC Epicatechin Eptazocine Gemazocine Ginsenoside R Hyperoside Ibogaine Levallorphan Lobeline LY-255582 LY-2196044 Methocinnamox Methylnaltrexone Methylsamidorphan chloride Naldemedine Nalmefene Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) Nalorphine Nalorphine dinicotinate Naloxazone Naloxegol Naloxol Naloxonazine Naloxone Naltrexazone Naltrexonazine Naltrexone Naltrindole Naringenin Noribogaine Oxilorphan Pawhuskin A Rimonabant Quadazocine Samidorphan Taxifolin Unknown/unsorted: Cannabidiol Coronaridine Cyproterone acetate Dihydroakuuamine Tabernanthine Tetrahydrocannabinol
DOR	Agonists: 3CS-nalmefene 6'-GNTI 7-SIOM ADL-5747 (PF-04856881) ADL-5859 Alazocine (SKF-10047) Amoxapine AR-M100390 (ARM390) AZD2327 β-Endorphin BAM-18P Biphalin BU-48 Butorphan Butorphanol BW-373U86 Casokefamide Cebranopadol Codeine Cyclazocine DADLE Deltorphin A Deltorphin I Deltorphin II Desmethylclozapine Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) Dezocine Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydroetorphine Dihydromorphine DPDPE DPI-221 DPI-3290 DSLET Ethylketazocine Etorphine Fentanyl FIT Fluorophen Hemorphin-4 Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Ibogaine Isomethadone JNJ-20788560 KNT-127 Kratom Laudanosine Leu-enkephalin Levomethorphan Levorphanol Lexanopadol Lofentanil Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) Metazocine Metkefamide Mitragynine Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl Morphine N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon Norbuprenorphine NalBzOH Oripavine Oxycodone Oxymorphone Pethidine (meperidine) Proglumide Racemethorphan Racemorphan RWJ-394674 Samidorphan SB-235863 SNC-80 SNC-162 TAN-67 (SB-205,607) TH-030418 Thebaine Thiobromadol (C-8813) Tonazocine Tramadol TRV250 Xorphanol Zenazocine Antagonists: 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 5'-NTII 6β-Naltrexol 6β-Naltrexol-d4 α-Santolol β-Chlornaltrexamine Apigenin AT-076 Axelopran Bevenopran BNTX Catechin Catechin gallate Clocinnamox Diacetylnalorphine Diprenorphine ECG EGC Eluxadoline Epicatechin ICI-154129 ICI-174864 LY-255582 LY-2196044 Methylnaltrexone Methylnaltrindole N-Benzylnaltrindole Nalmefene Nalorphine Naltrexone Naltriben Naltrindole Naloxone Naringenin Noribogaine Pawhuskin A Quadazocine SDM25N SoRI-9409 Taxifolin Thienorphine Unknown/unsorted: 18-MC Cannabidiol Coronaridine Cyproterone acetate Tabernanthine Tetrahydrocannabinol
KOR	Agonists: 3CS-nalmefene 6'-GNTI 8-CAC 18-MC 14-Methoxymetopon β-Chlornaltrexamine β-Funaltrexamine Adrenorphin (metorphamide) Akuuamicine Alazocine (SKF-10047) Allomatrine Apadoline Asimadoline BAM-12P BAM-18P BAM-22P Big dynorphin Bremazocine BRL-52537 Butorphan Butorphanol BW-373U86 Cebranopadol Ciprefadol CR665 Cyclazocine Cyclorphan Cyprenorphine Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) Diamorphine (heroin) Diacetylnalorphine Difelikefalin Dihydroetorphine Dihydromorphine Dinalbuphine sebacate Diprenorphine Dynorphin A Dynorphin B (rimorphin) Eluxadoline Enadoline Eptazocine Erinacine E Ethylketazocine Etorphine Fedotozine Fentanyl Gemazocine GR-89696 GR-103545 Hemorphin-4 Herkinorin HS665 Hydromorphone HZ-2 Ibogaine ICI-199,441 ICI-204,448 Ketamine Ketazocine Laudanosine Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) Levallorphan Levomethorphan Levorphanol Lexanopadol Lofentanil LPK-26 Lufuradom Matrine MB-1C-OH Menthol Metazocine Metkefamide Mianserin Mirtazapine Morphine Moxazocine MR-2034 N-MPPP Nalbuphine NalBzOH Nalfurafine Nalmefene Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) Nalorphine Naltriben Niravoline Norbuprenorphine Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide Noribogaine Norketamine Oripavine Oxilorphan Oxycodone Pentazocine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenazocine Proxorphan Racemethorphan Racemorphan RB-64 Salvinorin A (salvia) Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether Samidorphan Spiradoline (U-62,066) TH-030418 Thienorphine Tifluadom Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline) U-50,488 U-54,494A U-69,593 Xorphanol Antagonists: 4′-Hydroxyflavanone 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 5'-GNTI 6'-GNTI 6β-Naltrexol 6β-Naltrexol-d4 β-Chlornaltrexamine Buprenorphine/samidorphan Amentoflavone ANTI Apigenin Arodyne AT-076 Axelopran AZ-MTAB Binaltorphimine BU09059 Buprenorphine Catechin Catechin gallate CERC-501 (LY-2456302) Clocinnamox Cyclofoxy Dezocine DIPPA EGC ECG Epicatechin Hyperoside JDTic LY-255582 LY-2196044 LY-2444296 LY-2459989 LY-2795050 MeJDTic Methylnaltrexone ML190 ML350 MR-2266 N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic Naloxone Naltrexone Naltrindole Naringenin Norbinaltorphimine Noribogaine Pawhuskin A PF-4455242 RB-64 Quadazocine Taxifolin UPHIT Zyklophin Unknown/unsorted: Akuammicine Akuammine Coronaridine Cyproterone acetate Dihydroakuuamine Ibogamine Tabernanthine
NOP	Agonists: (Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin ((pF)Phe⁴)Nociceptin(1-13)NH₂ (Phe¹Ψ(CH₂-NH)Gly²)Nociceptin(1-13)NH₂ Ac-RYYRWK-NH₂ Ac-RYYRIK-NH₂ BU08070 Buprenorphine Cebranopadol Dihydroetorphine Etorphine JNJ-19385899 Levomethorphan Levorphanol Levorphanol Lexanopadol MCOPPB MT-7716 NNC 63-0532 Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) Nociceptin (1-11) Nociceptin (1-13)NH₂ Norbuprenorphine Racemethorphan Racemorphan Ro64-6198 Ro65-6570 SCH-221510 SCH-486757 SR-8993 SR-16435 TH-030418 Antagonists: (Nphe¹)Nociceptin(1-13)NH₂ AT-076 BAN-ORL-24 BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094) J-113397 JTC-801 NalBzOH Nociceptin (1-7) Nocistatin SB-612111 SR-16430 Thienorphine Trap-101 UFP-101
Unsorted	β-Casomorphins Amidorphin BAM-20P Cytochrophin-4 Deprolorphin Gliadorphin (gluteomorphin) Gluten exorphins Hemorphins Kava constituents MEAGL MEAP NEM Neoendorphins Nepetalactone (catnip) Peptide B Peptide E Peptide F Peptide I Rubiscolins Soymorphins
Others	Enkephalinase inhibitors: Amastatin BL-2401 Candoxatril D -Phenylalanine Dexecadotril (retorphan) Ecadotril (sinorphan) Kelatorphan Racecadotril (acetorphan) RB-101 RB-120 RB-3007 Opiorphan Selank Semax Spinorphin Thiorphan Tynorphin Ubenimex (bestatin) Propeptides: β-Lipotropin (proendorphin) Prodynorphin Proenkephalin Pronociceptin Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators

Piritramide: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:26, 13 April 2015

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