Candida vulvovaginitis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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{{Candidiasis}}
__NOTOC__
 
{{Candida vulvovaginitis}}
'''For patient information click [[Candidiasis (patient information)|here]]'''
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{KS}}, {{DN}}
 
{{CMG}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Candidiasis''', commonly called '''yeast infection''' or '''thrush''', is a [[fungal infection]] (mycosis) of any of the ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' species, of which ''[[Candida albicans]]'' is the most common.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Walsh TJ, Dixon DM | chapter=Deep Mycoses |title=Baron's Medical Microbiology |editor=Baron S ''et al'' eds.| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 |isbn=0-9631172-1-1 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.4006 |format=via NCBI Bookshelf}}</ref><ref name="Medline Plus">{{MedlinePlus|001511|Vaginal yeast infection}}</ref> Candidiasis thereby encompasses infections that range from superficial, such as oral thrush and [[vaginitis]], to [[systemic]] and potentially life-threatening diseases.
[[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]] requires a careful examination of the external genitalia, the vaginal sidewalls, as well as the cervix.
==History and symptoms==
==Physical Examination==
In [[immunocompetent]] people, candidiasis can usually only be found in exposed and moist parts of the body<ref name=Baron/>, such as:
[[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]] requires a careful examination of the [[external genitalia]], the vaginal sidewalls and the [[cervix]]. Signs include:<ref name="pmid97946643">{{cite journal| author=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK| title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1998 | volume= 92 | issue= 5 | pages= 757-65 | pmid=9794664 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9794664  }}</ref><ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>  
* the [[oral cavity]] (oral thrush)
*[[Edema]] and [[erythema]] of the [[vulva]] and labia
* the [[vagina]] and/or [[vulva]] (vaginal candidiasis or thrush)
*[[Fissures]] and excoriations of the [[external genitalia]]
* folds of skin in the [[diaper]] area ([[diaper rash]])
*Thick whitish vaginal discharge adherent to the vaginal walls
* the nipples while breastfeeding
*[[Cervix]] is not affected and is normal
* the [[penis]] or [[foreskin]]
* the [[armpit]]
* the ear
* the skin around the [[nostrils]] or in the nostrils
Candidiasis is the second most common cause of [[vagina]]l irritation, or [[vaginitis]], and can also occur on the male genitals. In [[immunocompromised]] patients, the ''Candida'' infection can involve the [[esophageal candidiasis|esophagus]] and can become [[systemic]], causing a much more serious condition: [[fungemia]]. <ref name="Pappas"/><ref name="Fidel"/>


Children, mostly between the ages of 3 and 9 years, can be affected by chronic mouth yeast infections, normally seen around the mouth as white patches. However, this is not a common condition.
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
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==See Also==
{{WS}}
* [[Candida albicans]]
* [[Oral candidiasis]]
 


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Latest revision as of 20:47, 29 July 2020

Candida vulvovaginitis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Dima Nimri, M.D. [3]

Overview

Candida vulvovaginitis requires a careful examination of the external genitalia, the vaginal sidewalls, as well as the cervix.

Physical Examination

Candida vulvovaginitis requires a careful examination of the external genitalia, the vaginal sidewalls and the cervix. Signs include:[1][2]

References

  1. ↑ Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1998). "Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm". Obstet Gynecol. 92 (5): 757–65. PMID 9794664.
  2. ↑ Eckert LO (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (12): 1244–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp053720. PMID 16990387.

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