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==Overview==
Patients with Wilson's disease usually appear [[tired]]. Physical examination of patients with Wilson's disease is usually remarkable for [[jaundice]] and [[easy bruising]] in the [[skin]]. Physical examination also is remarkable for [[Kayser-Fleischer ring]] in the [[eyes]] as a result of the [[copper]] accumulation in the [[cornea]]. Common physical examination findings in the [[abdomen]] include [[abdominal tenderness]], [[ascites]], and [[spider angiomata]]. Common [[neuropsychiatric]] signs include [[seizures]], [[parkinsonism]] like signs, [[depression]], and [[anxiety]].
==Physical examination==
=== Appearance of the patient ===
* Patients with Wilson's disease mostly appear [[tired]] due to the [[hepatic]] involvement. 
=== Vitals ===
* [[Low blood pressure]] 
* [[Hypothermia]] / [[hyperthermia]] may be present
=== Skin ===
* [[Jaundice]]
* [[Easy bruising]] ([[bleeding tendency]])
=== HEENT ===
* [[Icterus|Icteric sclera]]
* [[Kayser-Fleischer ring]] in the [[eyes]] 
=== Abdomen ===
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Spider angiomata]] (in cases with [[cirrhosis]])
* [[Esophageal varices]]
=== Heart ===
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Cardiac arrhythmia]]
=== Neuromuscular ===
* [[Neurology|Neurologic]] manifestations of Wilson's disease include the following:<ref name="pmid20146697">{{cite journal| author=Lorincz MT| title=Neurologic Wilson's disease. | journal=Ann N Y Acad Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 1184 | issue=  | pages= 173-87 | pmid=20146697 | doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20146697  }}</ref>
** [[Parkinsonism]] like signs such as:
*** [[Bradykinesia]]
*** Cogwheel rigidity
*** Lack of balance
** [[Seizures]]
** [[Migrane]]
** [[Frontal lobe]] disorder with the following signs:
*** Impaired judgement
*** [[Apathy]]
*** Poor planning
** [[Psychiatric]] features such as:
*** [[Depression]]
*** [[Psychosis]] 
*** [[Anxiety]]


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==References==
==References==


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 19:26, 29 August 2018

Wilson's disease Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Patients with Wilson's disease usually appear tired. Physical examination of patients with Wilson's disease is usually remarkable for jaundice and easy bruising in the skin. Physical examination also is remarkable for Kayser-Fleischer ring in the eyes as a result of the copper accumulation in the cornea. Common physical examination findings in the abdomen include abdominal tenderness, ascites, and spider angiomata. Common neuropsychiatric signs include seizures, parkinsonism like signs, depression, and anxiety.

Physical examination

Appearance of the patient

  • Patients with Wilson's disease mostly appear tired due to the hepatic involvement.

Vitals

Skin

HEENT

Abdomen

Heart

Neuromuscular

References

  1. Lorincz MT (2010). "Neurologic Wilson's disease". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1184: 173–87. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x. PMID 20146697.