Graves' disease epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Graves' disease}} | {{Graves' disease}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{MehdiP}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is estimated that it affects 20-50 cases per 100,000 persons yearly in the United States and it has a prevalence of about 0.4%. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
*The annual incidence of Graves' disease is about 20 to 50 cases per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid25591468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K |title=Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders |journal=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=286–95 |year=2015 |pmid=25591468 |doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Long-term variations in iodine intake do not influence the risk of the disease, but rapid iodine repletion can transiently increase the incidence. | |||
*The annual incidence of Graves’ disease–associated ophthalmopathy is 16 cases per 100,000 women and 3 cases per 100,000 men. | |||
The disease | ===Prevalence=== | ||
The prevalence of Graves’ disease in the 1970s is estimated to be 0.4% in the United States.<ref name="pmid5066850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Furszyfer J, Kurland LT, McConahey WM, Woolner LB, Elveback LR |title=Epidemiologic aspects of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease in Rochester, Minnesota (1935-1967), with special reference to temporal trends |journal=Metab. Clin. Exp. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=197–204 |year=1972 |pmid=5066850 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
The Whickham survey in the United Kingdom suggested a prevalence of 1.1% to 1.6% for thyrotoxicosis of all causes, of which Graves’ disease was presumably the most frequent.<ref name="pmid7641412">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F |title=The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=55–68 |year=1995 |pmid=7641412 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Demographics== | |||
===Age=== | |||
*The incidence peaks between 30 and 50 years of age, but people can be affected at any age. | |||
===Race=== | |||
*Graves' disease is more common in Caucasians than in Asians.<ref name="pmid1563082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tellez M, Cooper J, Edmonds C |title=Graves' ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=291–4 |year=1992 |pmid=1563082 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Sex=== | |||
*Graves' disease is more common among women than men. The lifetime risk is 3% for women and 0.5% for men.<ref name="pmid27797318">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TJ, Hegedüs L |title=Graves' Disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=375 |issue=16 |pages=1552–1565 |year=2016 |pmid=27797318 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1510030 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:32, 5 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is estimated that it affects 20-50 cases per 100,000 persons yearly in the United States and it has a prevalence of about 0.4%.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
Incidence
- The annual incidence of Graves' disease is about 20 to 50 cases per 100,000 persons.[1]
- Long-term variations in iodine intake do not influence the risk of the disease, but rapid iodine repletion can transiently increase the incidence.
- The annual incidence of Graves’ disease–associated ophthalmopathy is 16 cases per 100,000 women and 3 cases per 100,000 men.
Prevalence
The prevalence of Graves’ disease in the 1970s is estimated to be 0.4% in the United States.[2] The Whickham survey in the United Kingdom suggested a prevalence of 1.1% to 1.6% for thyrotoxicosis of all causes, of which Graves’ disease was presumably the most frequent.[3]
Demographics
Age
- The incidence peaks between 30 and 50 years of age, but people can be affected at any age.
Race
- Graves' disease is more common in Caucasians than in Asians.[4]
Sex
- Graves' disease is more common among women than men. The lifetime risk is 3% for women and 0.5% for men.[5]
References
- ↑ Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K (2015). "Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders". Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 3 (4): 286–95. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6. PMID 25591468.
- ↑ Furszyfer J, Kurland LT, McConahey WM, Woolner LB, Elveback LR (1972). "Epidemiologic aspects of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease in Rochester, Minnesota (1935-1967), with special reference to temporal trends". Metab. Clin. Exp. 21 (3): 197–204. PMID 5066850.
- ↑ Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F (1995). "The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 43 (1): 55–68. PMID 7641412.
- ↑ Tellez M, Cooper J, Edmonds C (1992). "Graves' ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 36 (3): 291–4. PMID 1563082.
- ↑ Smith TJ, Hegedüs L (2016). "Graves' Disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (16): 1552–1565. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1510030. PMID 27797318.