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{{Loefflers syndrome }}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks. The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of ''Ascaris'' eggs, or  ''N americanus, A duodenale,'' ''S stercoralis'' infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum. A less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria. In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited. Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero. There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome. Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity. Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks. 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks.<ref name="pmid24931460">Ekin S, Sertogullarindan B, Gunbatar H, Arisoy A, Yildiz H (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24931460 Loeffler's syndrome: an interesting case report.] ''Clin Respir J'' 10 (1):112-4. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/crj.12173 DOI:10.1111/crj.12173] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/24931460 24931460]</ref> 
*The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of ''Ascaris'' eggs, or  ''N americanus, A duodenale,'' ''S stercoralis'' infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. 
*Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum.<ref name="pmid5667987"> (1968) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5667987 Löffler's syndrome.] ''Br Med J'' 3 (5618):569-70. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/5667987 5667987]</ref>
*Less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria.<ref name="pmid21062596">Te Booij M, de Jong E, Bovenschen HJ (2010) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21062596 Löffler syndrome caused by extensive cutaneous larva migrans: a case report and review of the literature.] ''Dermatol Online J'' 16 (10):2. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/21062596 21062596]</ref>
*In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited.
===Complications===
*Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.
===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. <ref name="pmid16612768">Chitkara RK, Krishna G (2006) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16612768 Parasitic pulmonary eosinophilia.] ''Semin Respir Crit Care Med'' 27 (2):171-84. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-939520 DOI:10.1055/s-2006-939520] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/16612768 16612768]</ref>
*The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero.
*There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome.
*Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.<ref name="pmid14819567">HEIKEN CA, WIESE ER (1951) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14819567 Löffler's syndrome; transient pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia.] ''Am Rev Tuberc'' 63 (4):480-6. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/14819567 14819567]</ref>
*Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]

Latest revision as of 21:25, 17 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Overview

Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks. The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of Ascaris eggs, or N americanus, A duodenale, S stercoralis infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum. A less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria. In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited. Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero. There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome. Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity. Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks.[1]
  • The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of Ascaris eggs, or N americanus, A duodenale, S stercoralis infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea.
  • Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum.[2]
  • Less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria.[3]
  • In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited.

Complications

  • Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. [4]
  • The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero.
  • There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome.
  • Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.[5]
  • Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.

References

  1. ↑ Ekin S, Sertogullarindan B, Gunbatar H, Arisoy A, Yildiz H (2016) Loeffler's syndrome: an interesting case report. Clin Respir J 10 (1):112-4. DOI:10.1111/crj.12173 PMID: 24931460
  2. ↑ (1968) Löffler's syndrome. Br Med J 3 (5618):569-70. PMID: 5667987
  3. ↑ Te Booij M, de Jong E, Bovenschen HJ (2010) Löffler syndrome caused by extensive cutaneous larva migrans: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J 16 (10):2. PMID: 21062596
  4. ↑ Chitkara RK, Krishna G (2006) Parasitic pulmonary eosinophilia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 27 (2):171-84. DOI:10.1055/s-2006-939520 PMID: 16612768
  5. ↑ HEIKEN CA, WIESE ER (1951) Löffler's syndrome; transient pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia. Am Rev Tuberc 63 (4):480-6. PMID: 14819567

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