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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Candidiasis}} | | {{Candida vulvovaginitis}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{KS}}, {{DN}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| '''Candidiasis''', commonly called '''yeast infection''' or '''thrush''', is a [[fungal infection]] (mycosis) of any of the ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' species, of which ''[[Candida albicans]]'' is the most common.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Walsh TJ, Dixon DM | chapter=Deep Mycoses |title=Baron's Medical Microbiology |editor=Baron S ''et al'' eds.| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 |isbn=0-9631172-1-1 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.4006 |format=via NCBI Bookshelf}}</ref><ref name="Medline Plus">{{MedlinePlus|001511|Vaginal yeast infection}}</ref> Candidiasis thereby encompasses infections that range from superficial, such as oral thrush and [[vaginitis]], to [[systemic]] and potentially life-threatening diseases.
| | [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]] requires a careful examination of the external genitalia, the vaginal sidewalls, as well as the cervix. |
| ==Physical Examination== | | ==Physical Examination== |
| In [[immunocompetent]] people, candidiasis can usually only be found in exposed and moist parts of the body<ref name=Baron/>, such as:
| | [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]] requires a careful examination of the [[external genitalia]], the vaginal sidewalls and the [[cervix]]. Signs include:<ref name="pmid97946643">{{cite journal| author=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK| title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1998 | volume= 92 | issue= 5 | pages= 757-65 | pmid=9794664 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9794664 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref> |
| * the [[oral cavity]] (oral thrush)
| | *[[Edema]] and [[erythema]] of the [[vulva]] and labia |
| * the [[vagina]] and/or [[vulva]] (vaginal candidiasis or thrush)
| | *[[Fissures]] and excoriations of the [[external genitalia]] |
| * folds of skin in the [[diaper]] area ([[diaper rash]])
| | *Thick whitish vaginal discharge adherent to the vaginal walls |
| * the nipples while breastfeeding
| | *[[Cervix]] is not affected and is normal |
| * the [[penis]] or [[foreskin]]
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| * the [[armpit]]
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| * the ear
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| * the skin around the [[nostrils]] or in the nostrils
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| Candidiasis is the second most common cause of [[vagina]]l irritation, or [[vaginitis]], and can also occur on the male genitals. In [[immunocompromised]] patients, the ''Candida'' infection can involve the [[esophageal candidiasis|esophagus]] and can become [[systemic]], causing a much more serious condition: [[fungemia]].
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| Children, mostly between the ages of 3 and 9 years, can be affected by chronic mouth yeast infections, normally seen around the mouth as white patches. However, this is not a common condition.
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| ===Images===
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| <div align="left"> | |
| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Oralcandi.JPG|Oral candidiasis on the [[tongue]] and soft [[palate]].
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| Image:Oral candidiasis.jpg|Oral manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS. Chronic oral candidiasis in patient with AIDS. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Oral candidiasis 2.jpg|Soft palate showing extensive oral candidiasis in patient with AIDS. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| Image:Candidiasis 4.jpg|Oral candidiasis <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Candidiasis 5.jpg|Eczema secondary to candidiasis. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| Image:Candidiasis 6.jpg|Candidiasis; skinfold. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery> | |
| </div> | |
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Erythematous candidiasis.jpg|Erythematous candidiasis. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| Image:Genital candidiasis.jpg|Genital candidiasis. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Candidiasis_Paronychia.jpg|Paronychia: Another manifestation of candidiasis. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| Image:Interdigital candidiasis.jpg|Interdigital candidiasis. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Candidiasis umblical cord.jpg|Candidiasis of umblical cord. White spots of colonies are present. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| Image:Lung_candidiasis.jpg|Lung: Candidiasis. Postmortem findings. <small>Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. [http://www.peir.net © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| ==See Also==
| | {{WS}} |
| * [[Candida albicans]]
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| * [[Oral candidiasis]]
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| {{clr}} | |
| <br>
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| [[nl:Witte vloed]]
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| [[tr:Kandidiyazis]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Nephrology]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Dermatology]]
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| [[Category:Gynecology]] | | [[Category:Gynecology]] |
| [[Category:Microbiology]] | | [[Category:Obstetrics]] |
| [[Category:Overview complete]]
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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| {{WS}}
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