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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}}
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==Classification==
==Overview==
===SAC and PAC===
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] can be classified based on the [[severity]] and the [[causative]] [[agent]](s).


Both seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis are two acute allergic conjunctival disorders.<ref name="Ono">{{cite journal | author = Ono SJ, Abelson MB | title = Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment | journal = J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | volume = 115 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–22 | year = 2005 |month = January | pmid = 15637556 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.10.042 }}</ref> SAC is the most common ocular allergy.<ref name= "Bielory"/><ref name="Buckley">{{cite journal | author = Buckley RJ | title = Allergic eye disease—a clinical challenge |journal = Clin. Exp. Allergy | volume = 28 | issue =Suppl 6 | pages = 39–43 | year = 1998 | month = December | pmid = 9988434 |doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.0280s6039.x }}</ref> Symptoms of the aforementioned ocular diseases include itching and pink to reddish eye(s).<ref name= "Ono"/> These two eye conditions are mediated by mast cells.<ref name= "Ono"/><ref name= "Buckley"/>  Nonspecific measures to ameliorate symptoms include cold compresses, eyewashes with tear substitutes, and avoidance of allergens.<ref name= "Ono"/>  Treatment consists of [[antihistamine]], [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, dual mechanism anti-allergen agents, or topical antihistamines.<ref name= "Ono"/>  [[Corticosteroid]]s are another option, but, considering the side-effects of [[cataracts]] and increased [[intraocular pressure]], corticosteroids are reserved for more severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).<ref name= "Ono"/>
==Classification <ref name="pmid29849438">{{cite journal| author=Rathi VM, Murthy SI| title=Allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Community Eye Health | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 99 | pages= S7-S10 | pmid=29849438 | doi= | pmc=5968423 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29849438  }} </ref>==
===A. Mild [[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]===
* [[Seasonal]] [[conjunctivitis]] ([[SAC]])
* [[Perennial]] [[conjunctivitis]] (([[PAC]])
===B. Severe [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]===
* [[Vernal]] [[Keratoconjunctivitis]] ([[VKC]])
* [[Atopic]] [[Keratoconjunctivitis]] ([[AKC]])
===C. Related to [[microtrauma]]===
* [[Contact lens]] induced [[papilloconjunctivitis]]
* Giant [[papillary]] [[conjunctivitis]]


===VKC and AKC===
Both [[vernal keratoconjunctivitis]] and atopic keratoconjunctivitis are chronic allergic diseases wherein eosinophils, conjunctival fibroblasts, epithelial cells, mast cells, and TH2 lymphocytes aggravate the biochemistry and histology of the[[conjunctiva]].<ref name= "Ono"/>  VKC is a disease of childhood and is prevalent in males living in warm climates.<ref name= "Ono"/>  AKC is frequently observed in males between the ages of 30 and 50.<ref name= "Ono"/>  VKC and AKC can be treated by medications used to combat allergic conjunctivitis or the use of steroids.<ref name= "Ono"/>


===Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis===
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is not a true ocular allergic reaction and is caused by repeated mechanical irritation of the conjunctiva.<ref name= "Ono"/>  Repeated contact with the conjunctival surface caused by the use of contact lenses is associated with GPC.<ref name= "Buckley"/>
===Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis===
PKC results from a hypersensitivity/inflammatory reaction to bacteria.
Common pathogens include [[Staph. aureus]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] and [[Candida (genus)|Candida]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
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[[Category:Needs overview]]

Latest revision as of 14:43, 15 July 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]

Overview

Allergic conjunctivitis can be classified based on the severity and the causative agent(s).

Classification [1]

A. Mild Allergic conjunctivitis

B. Severe allergic conjunctivitis

C. Related to microtrauma


References

  1. ↑ Rathi VM, Murthy SI (2017). "Allergic conjunctivitis". Community Eye Health. 30 (99): S7–S10. PMC 5968423. PMID 29849438.

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