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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}}
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==Classification==
==Overview==
===SAC and PAC===
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] can be classified based on the [[severity]] and the [[causative]] [[agent]](s).


Both seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis are two acute allergic conjunctival disorders. SAC is the most common ocular allergy. Symptoms of the aforementioned ocular diseases include itching and pink to reddish eye(s).<ref name= "Ono"/> These two eye conditions are mediated by mast cells.<ref name= "Ono"/>  Nonspecific measures to ameliorate symptoms include cold compresses, eyewashes with tear substitutes, and avoidance of allergens.<ref name= "Ono"/> Treatment consists of [[antihistamine]], [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, dual mechanism anti-allergen agents, or topical antihistamines.<ref name= "Ono"/>  [[Corticosteroid]]s are another option, but, considering the side-effects of [[cataracts]] and increased [[intraocular pressure]], corticosteroids are reserved for more severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).<ref name= "Ono"/>
==Classification <ref name="pmid29849438">{{cite journal| author=Rathi VM, Murthy SI| title=Allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Community Eye Health | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 99 | pages= S7-S10 | pmid=29849438 | doi= | pmc=5968423 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29849438  }} </ref>==
===A. Mild [[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]===
* [[Seasonal]] [[conjunctivitis]] ([[SAC]])
* [[Perennial]] [[conjunctivitis]] (([[PAC]])
===B. Severe [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]===
* [[Vernal]] [[Keratoconjunctivitis]] ([[VKC]])
* [[Atopic]] [[Keratoconjunctivitis]] ([[AKC]])
===C. Related to [[microtrauma]]===
* [[Contact lens]] induced [[papilloconjunctivitis]]
* Giant [[papillary]] [[conjunctivitis]]


===VKC and AKC===
Both [[vernal keratoconjunctivitis]] and atopic keratoconjunctivitis are chronic allergic diseases wherein eosinophils, conjunctival fibroblasts, epithelial cells, mast cells, and TH2 lymphocytes aggravate the biochemistry and histology of the[[conjunctiva]].<ref name= "Ono"/>  VKC is a disease of childhood and is prevalent in males living in warm climates.<ref name= "Ono"/>  AKC is frequently observed in males between the ages of 30 and 50.<ref name= "Ono"/>  VKC and AKC can be treated by medications used to combat allergic conjunctivitis or the use of steroids.<ref name= "Ono"/>
===Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis===
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is not a true ocular allergic reaction and is caused by repeated mechanical irritation of the conjunctiva.<ref name= "Ono"/>  Repeated contact with the conjunctival surface caused by the use of contact lenses is associated with GPC.<ref name= "Buckley"/>
===Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis===
PKC results from a hypersensitivity/inflammatory reaction to bacteria.
Common pathogens include [[Staph. aureus]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] and [[Candida (genus)|Candida]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
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Latest revision as of 14:43, 15 July 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]

Overview

Allergic conjunctivitis can be classified based on the severity and the causative agent(s).

Classification [1]

A. Mild Allergic conjunctivitis

B. Severe allergic conjunctivitis

C. Related to microtrauma


References

  1. ↑ Rathi VM, Murthy SI (2017). "Allergic conjunctivitis". Community Eye Health. 30 (99): S7–S10. PMC 5968423. PMID 29849438.

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