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{{Polymyalgia rheumatica}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) affects the quality of life of the patients. The [[pain]] and stiffness in the proximal [[joints]] might lead to sleep disturbance as well as an inability to do regular daily activities such as getting dressed and getting out of a chair. The symptoms begin rapidly and last for weeks. Once the [[steroid]] treatment is initiated, the symptoms resolve rapidly within few days. In fact, the rapid resolution of symptoms with the [[steroid]] therapy reinforces the diagnosis of PMR. The [[steroid]] treatment can be associated with complications such as [[weight gain]] and [[bone fracture]]. Approximately 40 to 50% of subjects experience relapse of the symptoms. PMR is associated with [[giant cell arteritis]].


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
If left untreated, PMR affects the quality of life of the patients.  The pain and stiffness in the proximal joints might lead to sleep disturbance as well as inability to do regular daily activities such as getting dressed and getting out of a chair. The symptoms begin rapidly and last for weeks.
* If left untreated, PMR affects the quality of life of the patients.   
* The [[pain]] and stiffness in the proximal [[Joint|joints]] might lead to [[Sleep disorder|sleep disturbance]] as well as an inability to do regular daily activities such as getting dressed and getting out of a chair.
* The symptoms begin rapidly and last for weeks.


==Complications==
==Complications==
* PMR is associated with [[giant cell arteritis]].  While 40 to 60% of patients with [[giant cell arteritis]] have PMR, 16 to 21% of patients with PMR develop [[giant cell arteritis]].<ref name="pmid7598301">{{cite journal| author=Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG| title=The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1995 | volume= 123 | issue= 3 | pages= 192-4 | pmid=7598301 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7598301  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7880191">{{cite journal| author=Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG| title=Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1991. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1995 | volume= 38 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-73 | pmid=7880191 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7880191  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1629827">{{cite journal| author=Franzén P, Sutinen S, von Knorring J| title=Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984-1988. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1992 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-6 | pmid=1629827 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1629827  }} </ref>  Some symptoms of [[temporal arteritis]] include severe [[headaches]], scalp tenderness, [[jaw claudication]], [[fever]], distorted vision or aching in the limbs caused by decreased blood flow, and [[fatigue]].  [[Giant cell arteritis]] is a serious condition that might lead to blindness among other complications and it must be treated with high dose [[corticodteroids]].
* PMR is associated with following complications:
 
** [[Temporal arteritis|Giant cell arteritis]]
* The mainstay of the treatment of PMR is low dose [[corticsteroids]], which is byitself associated with complications.  Complications of the [[steroid]] treatment include [[weight gain]] and bone fracture.<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>
*** While 40 to 60% of patients with [[giant cell arteritis]] have PMR, 16 to 21% of patients with PMR develop [[giant cell arteritis]].<ref name="pmid7598301">{{cite journal| author=Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG| title=The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1995 | volume= 123 | issue= 3 | pages= 192-4 | pmid=7598301 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7598301  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7880191">{{cite journal| author=Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG| title=Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1991. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1995 | volume= 38 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-73 | pmid=7880191 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7880191  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1629827">{{cite journal| author=Franzén P, Sutinen S, von Knorring J| title=Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984-1988. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1992 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-6 | pmid=1629827 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1629827  }} </ref>   
*** Some symptoms of [[temporal arteritis]] include  
**** Severe [[headaches]]
**** Scalp [[tenderness]]
**** [[jaw claudication]]
**** F[[fever|ever]]
**** Distorted vision that might lead to [[blindness]]
**** Aching in the [[Limb (anatomy)|limbs]] caused by decreased [[blood flow]]
**** [[fatigue]]
** [[Corticosteroid]] related complications such as:<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>
*** [[Weight gain]]
*** [[Bone fracture]]
** [[Heart|Cardiac]] complications such as:<ref name="pmid23940441">{{cite journal| author=Mavrogeni S, Bratis K, Mavragani CP| title=Myocardial inflammation in polymyalgia rheumatica assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 151-2 | pmid=23940441 | doi= | pmc=PMC3718596 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23940441  }} </ref>
*** [[Myocardium|Myocardial]] inflammation
*** [[Left ventricle|Left ventricular]] dyskinesia
*** Reduced systolic function


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
* Once the [[steroid]] treatment of PMR is initiated, the symptoms resolve rapidly within few days. In fact, the rapid resolution of symptoms with the [[steroid]] therapy reinforces the diagnosis of PMR. Approximately 40 to 50% of subjects experience relapse of the symptoms, which requires longer duration of [[glucocorticoid]] treatment.<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>  Factors that are associated with relapse are:
* Once the [[steroid]] treatment of PMR is initiated, the symptoms resolve rapidly within few days. In fact, the rapid resolution of symptoms with the [[steroid]] therapy reinforces the diagnosis of PMR.  
* Approximately 40 to 50% of subjects experience relapse of the symptoms, which requires longer duration of [[glucocorticoid]] treatment.<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>   
* Factors that are associated with relapse are:
** Female sex
** Female sex
** Initial high dose [[glucocorticoid]] therapy
** Initial high dose [[glucocorticoid]] therapy
** Fast tapering of the [[glucocorticoid therapy]]<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>
** Fast tapering of the [[glucocorticoid]] therapy<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 23:47, 29 July 2020


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) affects the quality of life of the patients. The pain and stiffness in the proximal joints might lead to sleep disturbance as well as an inability to do regular daily activities such as getting dressed and getting out of a chair. The symptoms begin rapidly and last for weeks. Once the steroid treatment is initiated, the symptoms resolve rapidly within few days. In fact, the rapid resolution of symptoms with the steroid therapy reinforces the diagnosis of PMR. The steroid treatment can be associated with complications such as weight gain and bone fracture. Approximately 40 to 50% of subjects experience relapse of the symptoms. PMR is associated with giant cell arteritis.

Natural History

  • If left untreated, PMR affects the quality of life of the patients.
  • The pain and stiffness in the proximal joints might lead to sleep disturbance as well as an inability to do regular daily activities such as getting dressed and getting out of a chair.
  • The symptoms begin rapidly and last for weeks.

Complications

Prognosis

  • Once the steroid treatment of PMR is initiated, the symptoms resolve rapidly within few days. In fact, the rapid resolution of symptoms with the steroid therapy reinforces the diagnosis of PMR.
  • Approximately 40 to 50% of subjects experience relapse of the symptoms, which requires longer duration of glucocorticoid treatment.[4]
  • Factors that are associated with relapse are:

References

  1. ↑ Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG (1995). "The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern". Ann Intern Med. 123 (3): 192–4. PMID 7598301.
  2. ↑ Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG (1995). "Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1991". Arthritis Rheum. 38 (3): 369–73. PMID 7880191.
  3. ↑ Franzén P, Sutinen S, von Knorring J (1992). "Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984-1988". J Rheumatol. 19 (2): 273–6. PMID 1629827.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kermani TA, Warrington KJ (2013). "Polymyalgia rheumatica". Lancet. 381 (9860): 63–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1. PMID 23051717.
  5. ↑ Mavrogeni S, Bratis K, Mavragani CP (2013). "Myocardial inflammation in polymyalgia rheumatica assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging". Exp Clin Cardiol. 18 (2): 151–2. PMC 3718596. PMID 23940441.
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