Sandbox ID2: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Shanshan Cen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Shanshan Cen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
::* [[Rickettsia]] | ::* [[Rickettsia]] | ||
====Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli==== | |||
* [[Aggregatibacter aphrophilus]] | |||
* [[Bordetella pertussis]] | |||
* [[Brucella]] | |||
* [[Eikenella corrodens]] | |||
* [[Haemophilus ducreyi]] | |||
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]] | |||
* [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | |||
* [[Neisseria meningitidis]] | |||
* [[Moraxella catarrhalis]] | |||
* [[Pasteurella multocida]] | |||
====Bacteria – Spirochetes==== | |||
* [[Borrelia]] | |||
* [[Leptospira]] | |||
* [[Treponema pallidum]] | |||
====Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli==== | |||
* Enteric flora | |||
:* [[Aeromonas hydrophila]] | |||
:* [[Citrobacter koseri]] | |||
:* [[Citrobacter freundii]] | |||
:* [[Enterobacter cloacae]] | |||
:* [[Enterobacter aerogenes]] | |||
:* [[Escherichia coli]] | |||
:* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]] | |||
:* [[Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis]] | |||
:* [[Morganella morganii]] | |||
:* [[Proteus vulgaris]] | |||
:* [[Providencia]] | |||
:* [[Salmonella]] | |||
:* [[Serratia marcescens]] | |||
:* [[Shigella]] | |||
* Non-fermenters | |||
:* [[Acinetobacter baumannii]] | |||
:* [[Achromobacter xylosoxidans]] | |||
:* [[Bordetella pertussis]] | :* [[Bordetella pertussis]] | ||
:* [[ | :* [[Burkholderia cepacia]] | ||
:* [[ | :* [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]] | ||
:* [[ | :* [[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] | ||
:* [[ | :* [[Elizabethkingia meningoseptica]] | ||
:* [[Moraxella catarrhalis]] | :* [[Moraxella catarrhalis]] | ||
:* [[ | * [[Bartonella]] | ||
* [[Campylobacter]] | |||
:* [[Campylobacter fetus]] | |||
:* [[Campylobacter jejuni]] | |||
* [[Capnocytophaga]] | |||
* [[Francisella tularensis]] | |||
* [[Helicobacter pylori]] | |||
* [[Legionella]] | |||
* [[Plesiomonas shigelloides]] | |||
* [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | |||
* [[Vibrio]] | |||
:* [[Vibrio cholerae]] | |||
:* [[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]] | |||
:* [[Vibrio vulnificus]] | |||
====Bacteria – Atypical Organisms==== | |||
:* [[ | * [[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]] | ||
:* [[ | * Chlamydophila pneumoniae | ||
:* [[ | :* Pneumonia<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | ||
::* Adult | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Tetracycline]] 250 mg PO qid for 14-21 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Azithromycin]] 500 mg PO for once a day followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (4): [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO bid for 10 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (5): [[Levofloxacin]] 500 mg IV or PO qd for 7 to 14 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (6): [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg PO qd for 10 days. | |||
::* Pediatric | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (1):[[ Erythromycin]] suspension,PO 50 mg/kg per day for 10 to 14 days | |||
:::* Preferred regimen (2):[[ Clarithromycin]] suspension, 15 mg/kg per day for10 days | |||
::* | :::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Azithromycin ]]suspension, PO 10 mg/kg once on the first day, followed by 5 mg/kg qd daily for 4 days | ||
: | |||
::* | |||
: | |||
::* | |||
: | |||
::* | |||
:* Upper respiratory tract infection<ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref> | |||
::* Bronchitis | |||
:* | :::* Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required. | ||
::* Pharyngitis | |||
:::* Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required. | |||
::* Sinusitis | |||
:::* Antibiotic therapy is advisable if symptoms remain beyond 7-10 days. | |||
* [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] | |||
* [[Chlamydophila psittaci]] | |||
* [[Coxiella burnetii]] | |||
* [[Legionella]] | |||
* [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]] | |||
====Bacteria – Miscellaneous==== | |||
* [[Gardnerella vaginalis]] | |||
* [[Eikenella corrodens]] | |||
* [[Bordetella pertussis]] | |||
* [[Bartonella]] | |||
* [[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] | |||
* [[Acinetobacter baumannii]] | |||
====Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli==== | |||
* [[Bacteroides fragilis]] | |||
* [[Fusobacterium necrophorum]] | |||
====Fungi==== | |||
* [[Aspergillosis]] | |||
* [[Blastomycosis]] | |||
* [[Paracoccidioidomycosis]] | |||
* [[Candidiasis]] | |||
* [[Chromoblastomycosis]] | |||
* [[Coccidioidomycosis]] | |||
* [[Cryptococcosis]] | |||
* [[Dermatophytosis]] | |||
* [[Onychomycosis]] | |||
* [[Tinea capitis]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | |||
:* Preferred regimen(1): [[Griseofulvin]] 10-20 mg/kg/day for minimum 6 weeks | |||
:* | :* Preferred regimen(2): [[Itraconazole]] 4-6 mg/kg pulsed dose weekly | ||
: | :* Preferred regimen(3): [[Terbinafine]] if <20 kg: 62.5 mg/day, if 20-40 kg: 125 mg/day, if >40 kg: 250 mg/day | ||
:* | |||
: | |||
:* | |||
: | |||
: | |||
: | |||
: | |||
* [[Tinea corporis]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | |||
:* Small, well-defined lesions | |||
::* Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment [[Terbinafine]] {{or}} [[Miconazole]] {{or}} [[Econazole]] {{or}} [[Clotrimazole]] | |||
::* Preferred regimen | :* Larger lesionss | ||
::* Preferred regimen: [[Terbinafine]] 250 mg/day PO for 2 weeks {{or}} [[Itraconazole]] 200 mg/day PO for 1 wk {{or}} [[Fluconazole]] 250 mg PO weekly for 2-4 weeks | |||
* [[Tinea pedis]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | |||
::* | :* Athlete's foot | ||
::* Interdigital | |||
:::* Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment [[Terbinafine]] {{or}} [[Miconazole]] {{or}} [[Econazole]] {{or}} [[Clotrimazole]] | :::* Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment [[Terbinafine]] {{or}} [[Miconazole]] {{or}} [[Econazole]] {{or}} [[Clotrimazole]] | ||
::* “Dry type” | |||
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Terbinafine]] 250 mg/day PO for 2-4 weeks {{or}} [[Itraconazole]] 400 mg/day PO for 1 week per month (repeated if necessary) {{or}} Fluconazole 200 mg PO weekly for 4-8 weeks | |||
* [[Tinea cruris]] | |||
* [[Tinea versicolor]] | |||
* [[Histoplasmosis]] | |||
* [[Mucormycosis]] | |||
* [[Penicilliosis]] | |||
* [[Sporotrichosis]] | |||
* [[Pneumocystis jiroveci]] | |||
====Mycobacteria==== | |||
* [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium abscessus]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium bovis]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium celatum]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium chelonae]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium foruitum]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium haemophilum]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium genavense]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium gordonae]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium kansasii]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium marinum]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium scrofulaceum]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium simiae]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium ulcerans]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium xenopi]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium leprae]] | |||
====Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa==== | |||
* [[Balantidium coli]] | |||
* [[Blastocystis hominis]] | |||
* [[Cryptosporidium parvum]] | |||
* [[Cryptosporidium hominis]] | |||
* [[Cyclospora cayetanensis]] | |||
* [[Dientamoeba fragilis]] | |||
* [[Entamoeba histolytica]] | |||
* [[Giardia lamblia]] | |||
* [[Isospora belli]] | |||
* [[Microsporidiosis]] | |||
====Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa==== | |||
* [[Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] | |||
* [[Acanthamoeba]] | |||
* [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] | |||
* [[Naegleria fowleri]] | |||
* [[Babesia microti]] | |||
* [[Leishmaniasis]] | |||
* [[Plasmodium]] | |||
* [[Toxoplasma gondii]] | |||
* [[Trichomonas vaginalis]] | |||
* [[African trypanosomiasis]] | |||
* [[American trypanosomiasis]] | |||
====Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)==== | |||
* [[Ascaris lumbricoides]] | |||
* [[Capillaria philippinensis]] | |||
* [[Enterobius vermicularis]] | |||
* [[Necator americanus]] | |||
* [[Ancylostoma duodenale]] | |||
* [[Strongyloides stercoralis]] | |||
* [[Trichuris trichiura]] | |||
====Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)==== | |||
* [[Ancylostoma braziliense]] | |||
* [[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]] | |||
* [[Filariasis]] | |||
* [[Onchocerciasis]] | |||
* [[Wuchereria bancrofti]] | |||
* [[Brugia malayi]] | |||
* [[Gnathostoma spinigerum]] | |||
* [[Toxocariasis]] | |||
* [[Trichinella spiralis]] | |||
====Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)==== | |||
* [[Clonorchis sinensis]] | |||
* [[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]] | |||
* [[Fasciola hepatica]] | |||
* [[Paragonimus westermani]] | |||
* [[Schistosomiasis]] | |||
====Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)==== | |||
* [[Echinococcus]] | |||
* [[Neurocysticercosis]] | |||
* [[Sparganosis]] | |||
====Parasites – Ectoparasites==== | |||
* [[Body lice]] | |||
* [[Head lice]] | |||
* [[Pubic lice]] | |||
* [[Scabies]] | |||
* [[Myiasis]] | |||
====Viruses==== | |||
* [[Adenovirus]] | |||
* [[SARS]] | |||
* [[Cytomegalovirus]] | |||
* [[Enterovirus D68]] | |||
* [[Ebola virus]] | |||
* [[Marburg virus]] | |||
* [[Hantavirus]] | |||
* [[Dengue virus]] | |||
* [[West Nile virus]] | |||
* [[Yellow Fever]] | |||
* [[Chikungunya virus]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis A virus]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis B virus]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis C virus]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis D virus]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis E virus]] | |||
* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] | |||
* [[Human herpesvirus 6]] | |||
* [[Roseola|Human herpesvirus 7]] | |||
* [[Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus|Human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV)]] | |||
* [[Herpes simplex virus]] | |||
* [[Varicella-zoster virus]] | |||
* [[Human papillomavirus]] | |||
* [[Influenza A]] | |||
* [[Influenza B]] | |||
* [[Avian influenza]] | |||
* [[Swine influenza]] | |||
* [[Measles]] | |||
* [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] | |||
* [[Paramyxovirus]] | |||
* [[Parvovirus B19]] | |||
* [[BK virus]] | |||
* [[JC virus]] | |||
* [[Rabies]] | |||
* [[Respiratory Syncytial Virus]] | |||
* [[Rhinovirus]] | |||
* [[Rotavirus]] | |||
* [[Smallpox]] | |||
* [[HIV/AIDS]] | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 18:25, 24 June 2015
Pathogens of Clinical Relevance
Bacteria – Gram-Positive Cocci
Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli
-
- Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)[1]
- Preferred regimen (1): Penicillin G benzathine 1.2 MU IV as a single dose
- Preferred regimen (2): Penicillin VK 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Procaine penicillin 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (1): Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (2): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days
- Diffuse cutaneous infection
- Preferred regimen: As for localized infection
- Note: Assess for endocarditis
- Bacteremia or endocarditis
- Preferred regimen: Penicillin G benzathine 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (1): Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (2): Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (3): Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (4): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.
Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli
- Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Brucella
- Eikenella corrodens
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Pasteurella multocida
Bacteria – Spirochetes
Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli
- Enteric flora
- Non-fermenters
- Capnocytophaga
- Francisella tularensis
- Helicobacter pylori
- Legionella
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Vibrio
Bacteria – Atypical Organisms
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Pneumonia[2]
- Adult
- Preferred regimen (1): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days
- Preferred regimen (2): Tetracycline 250 mg PO qid for 14-21 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin 500 mg PO for once a day followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days
- Preferred regimen (4): Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid for 10 days
- Preferred regimen (5): Levofloxacin 500 mg IV or PO qd for 7 to 14 days
- Preferred regimen (6): Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd for 10 days.
- Pediatric
- Preferred regimen (1):Erythromycin suspension,PO 50 mg/kg per day for 10 to 14 days
- Preferred regimen (2):Clarithromycin suspension, 15 mg/kg per day for10 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin suspension, PO 10 mg/kg once on the first day, followed by 5 mg/kg qd daily for 4 days
- Upper respiratory tract infection[3]
- Bronchitis
- Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
- Pharyngitis
- Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
- Sinusitis
- Antibiotic therapy is advisable if symptoms remain beyond 7-10 days.
Bacteria – Miscellaneous
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Bordetella pertussis
- Bartonella
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Acinetobacter baumannii
Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
Fungi
- Aspergillosis
- Blastomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Candidiasis
- Chromoblastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Dermatophytosis
- Onychomycosis
- Preferred regimen(1): Griseofulvin 10-20 mg/kg/day for minimum 6 weeks
- Preferred regimen(2): Itraconazole 4-6 mg/kg pulsed dose weekly
- Preferred regimen(3): Terbinafine if <20 kg: 62.5 mg/day, if 20-40 kg: 125 mg/day, if >40 kg: 250 mg/day
- Small, well-defined lesions
- Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole
- Larger lesionss
- Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2 weeks OR Itraconazole 200 mg/day PO for 1 wk OR Fluconazole 250 mg PO weekly for 2-4 weeks
- Athlete's foot
- Interdigital
- Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole
- “Dry type”
- Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2-4 weeks OR Itraconazole 400 mg/day PO for 1 week per month (repeated if necessary) OR Fluconazole 200 mg PO weekly for 4-8 weeks
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea versicolor
- Histoplasmosis
- Mucormycosis
- Penicilliosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
Mycobacteria
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium abscessus
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
- Mycobacterium celatum
- Mycobacterium chelonae
- Mycobacterium foruitum
- Mycobacterium haemophilum
- Mycobacterium genavense
- Mycobacterium gordonae
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
- Mycobacterium simiae
- Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Mycobacterium xenopi
- Mycobacterium leprae
Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa
- Balantidium coli
- Blastocystis hominis
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Cryptosporidium hominis
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Giardia lamblia
- Isospora belli
- Microsporidiosis
Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
- Acanthamoeba
- Balamuthia mandrillaris
- Naegleria fowleri
- Babesia microti
- Leishmaniasis
- Plasmodium
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- African trypanosomiasis
- American trypanosomiasis
Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Capillaria philippinensis
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Trichuris trichiura
Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ancylostoma braziliense
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis
- Filariasis
- Onchocerciasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Gnathostoma spinigerum
- Toxocariasis
- Trichinella spiralis
Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- Fasciola hepatica
- Paragonimus westermani
- Schistosomiasis
Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Parasites – Ectoparasites
Viruses
- Adenovirus
- SARS
- Cytomegalovirus
- Enterovirus D68
- Ebola virus
- Marburg virus
- Hantavirus
- Dengue virus
- West Nile virus
- Yellow Fever
- Chikungunya virus
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis D virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Human herpesvirus 6
- Human herpesvirus 7
- Human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV)
- Herpes simplex virus
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Human papillomavirus
- Influenza A
- Influenza B
- Avian influenza
- Swine influenza
- Measles
- Middle East respiratory syndrome
- Paramyxovirus
- Parvovirus B19
- BK virus
- JC virus
- Rabies
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Rhinovirus
- Rotavirus
- Smallpox
- HIV/AIDS
References
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.