Sandbox ID2: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Shanshan Cen (talk | contribs) |
Shanshan Cen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
* [[Rhodococcus equi]] | * [[Rhodococcus equi]] | ||
:* Rhodococcus equi <ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref> | |||
::* Preferred regimen: | |||
:::* First line: [[vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h (15 mg/kg q12 for >70 kg) {{or}} [[Imipenem]] 500 mg IV q6h {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg PO once daily {{or}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 750 mg PO twice daily {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 500 mg PO four times a day for at least 4 weeks or until infiltrate disappears (at least 8 weeks in immunocompromised patients) | |||
:::* Oral/maintenance therapy (after infiltrate clears): [[Ciprofloxacin]] 750 mg PO twice daily {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 500 mg PO four times a day | |||
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] {{or}} [[TMP-SMX]] {{or}} [[Chloramphenicol]] {{or}} [[Clindamycin]] | |||
:::* NOTE: Avoid Penicillins/Cephalosporins due to development of resistance; Linezolid effective in vitro, but no clinical reports of use | |||
* [[Rickettsia]] | * [[Rickettsia]] | ||
Revision as of 19:19, 24 June 2015
Pathogens of Clinical Relevance
Bacteria – Gram-Positive Cocci
Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli
- Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)[1]
- Preferred regimen (1): Penicillin G benzathine 1.2 MU IV as a single dose
- Preferred regimen (2): Penicillin VK 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Procaine penicillin 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (1): Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (2): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days
- Diffuse cutaneous infection
- Preferred regimen: As for localized infection
- Note: Assess for endocarditis
- Bacteremia or endocarditis
- Preferred regimen: Penicillin G benzathine 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (1): Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (2): Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (3): Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (4): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.
- Systemic infection[2]
- Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 2 MU IV q4h for 2-4 weeks
- Alternative regimen: Clindamycin 600 mg IV q8h for 2-4 weeks OR Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h for 2-4 weeks
- Shoulder prosthesis infection
- Preferred regimen: Amoxicillin AND Rifampin for 3-6 months
- Acne vulgaris
- Topical antibiotics: Erythromycin OR Clindamycin
- Systemic antibiotics: Minocycline OR Doxycycline OR Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
- Rhodococcus equi [3]
- Preferred regimen:
- First line: vancomycin 1 g IV q12h (15 mg/kg q12 for >70 kg) OR Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h AND Rifampin 600 mg PO once daily OR Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO twice daily OR Erythromycin 500 mg PO four times a day for at least 4 weeks or until infiltrate disappears (at least 8 weeks in immunocompromised patients)
- Oral/maintenance therapy (after infiltrate clears): Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO twice daily OR Erythromycin 500 mg PO four times a day
- Alternative regimen: Azithromycin OR TMP-SMX OR Chloramphenicol OR Clindamycin
- NOTE: Avoid Penicillins/Cephalosporins due to development of resistance; Linezolid effective in vitro, but no clinical reports of use
Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli
- Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Brucella
- Eikenella corrodens
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Pasteurella multocida
Bacteria – Spirochetes
Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli
- Enteric flora
- Non-fermenters
- Capnocytophaga
- Francisella tularensis
- Helicobacter pylori
- Legionella
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Vibrio
Bacteria – Atypical Organisms
- Pneumonia[4]
- Adult
- Preferred regimen (1): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days
- Preferred regimen (2): Tetracycline 250 mg PO qid for 14-21 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin 500 mg PO for once a day followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days
- Preferred regimen (4): Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid for 10 days
- Preferred regimen (5): Levofloxacin 500 mg IV or PO qd for 7 to 14 days
- Preferred regimen (6): Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd for 10 days.
- Pediatric
- Preferred regimen (1):Erythromycin suspension,PO 50 mg/kg per day for 10 to 14 days
- Preferred regimen (2):Clarithromycin suspension, 15 mg/kg per day for10 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin suspension, PO 10 mg/kg once on the first day, followed by 5 mg/kg qd daily for 4 days
- Upper respiratory tract infection[5]
- Bronchitis
- Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
- Pharyngitis
- Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
- Sinusitis
- Antibiotic therapy is advisable if symptoms remain beyond 7-10 days.
- Pneumonia[6]
- Adult
- Preferred regimen : Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid daily OR Tetracycline 500 mg PO qid for 10-21 days
- Alternative regimen :Minocycline
- Pediatric
- Preferred regimen: Azithromycin
- Alternative regimen: fluoroquinolones
- Pregnant Patients
- Preferred regimen : Azithromycin
- Alternative regimen: fluoroquinolones
- Endocarditis in valve replacement patients
- Preferred regimen : Doxycycline
- Alternative regimen : fluoroquinolones.
Bacteria – Miscellaneous
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Bordetella pertussis
- Bartonella
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Acinetobacter baumannii
Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
Fungi
- Aspergillosis
- Blastomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Candidiasis
- Chromoblastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Dermatophytosis
- Onychomycosis
- Preferred regimen(1): Griseofulvin 10-20 mg/kg/day for minimum 6 weeks
- Preferred regimen(2): Itraconazole 4-6 mg/kg pulsed dose weekly
- Preferred regimen(3): Terbinafine if <20 kg: 62.5 mg/day, if 20-40 kg: 125 mg/day, if >40 kg: 250 mg/day
- Small, well-defined lesions
- Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole
- Larger lesionss
- Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2 weeks OR Itraconazole 200 mg/day PO for 1 wk OR Fluconazole 250 mg PO weekly for 2-4 weeks
- Athlete's foot
- Interdigital
- Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole
- “Dry type”
- Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2-4 weeks OR Itraconazole 400 mg/day PO for 1 week per month (repeated if necessary) OR Fluconazole 200 mg PO weekly for 4-8 weeks
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea versicolor
- Histoplasmosis
- Mucormycosis
- Penicilliosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
Mycobacteria
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium abscessus
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
- Mycobacterium celatum
- Mycobacterium chelonae
- Mycobacterium foruitum
- Mycobacterium haemophilum
- Mycobacterium genavense
- Mycobacterium gordonae
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
- Mycobacterium simiae
- Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Mycobacterium xenopi
- Mycobacterium leprae
Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa
- Balantidium coli
- Blastocystis hominis
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Cryptosporidium hominis
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Giardia lamblia
- Isospora belli
- Microsporidiosis
Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
- Acanthamoeba
- Balamuthia mandrillaris
- Naegleria fowleri
- Babesia microti
- Leishmaniasis
- Plasmodium
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- African trypanosomiasis
- American trypanosomiasis
Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Capillaria philippinensis
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Trichuris trichiura
Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ancylostoma braziliense
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis
- Filariasis
- Onchocerciasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Gnathostoma spinigerum
- Toxocariasis
- Trichinella spiralis
Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- Fasciola hepatica
- Paragonimus westermani
- Schistosomiasis
Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Parasites – Ectoparasites
Viruses
- Adenovirus
- SARS
- Cytomegalovirus
- Enterovirus D68
- Ebola virus
- Marburg virus
- Hantavirus
- Dengue virus
- West Nile virus
- Yellow Fever
- Chikungunya virus
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis D virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Human herpesvirus 6
- Human herpesvirus 7
- Human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV)
- Herpes simplex virus
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Human papillomavirus
- Influenza A
- Influenza B
- Avian influenza
- Swine influenza
- Measles
- Middle East respiratory syndrome
- Paramyxovirus
- Parvovirus B19
- BK virus
- JC virus
- Rabies
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Rhinovirus
- Rotavirus
- Smallpox
- HIV/AIDS
References
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.