Acute retinal necrosis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Acute retinal necrosis may be classified both by staging - Acute or Late - or by severity: Mild or Fulminant. | Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] may be classified both by staging - Acute or Late - or by severity: Mild or Fulminant. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
*Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) may be classified by staging and severity into the following:<ref name="pmid1645179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG |title=Acute retinal necrosis syndrome |journal=Br J Ophthalmol |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=292–7 |year=1991 |pmid=1645179 |pmc=1042358 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] (ARN) may be classified by staging and severity into the following:<ref name="pmid1645179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG |title=Acute retinal necrosis syndrome |journal=Br J Ophthalmol |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=292–7 |year=1991 |pmid=1645179 |pmc=1042358 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**'''Acute stage''': Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks. | **'''Acute stage''': Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks. | ||
***Presents with coalescence of white, necrotic tissue in the peripheral retina. | ***Presents with coalescence of white, necrotic tissue in the peripheral retina. | ||
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***[[Retinal detachment]], severe [[vision loss]], and potential [[blindness]] in the affected eye is indicative of late stage ARN. | ***[[Retinal detachment]], severe [[vision loss]], and potential [[blindness]] in the affected eye is indicative of late stage ARN. | ||
***If the infection is bilateral, the second eye will usually present signs of ARN in the weeks and months following the initial symptom manifestation in the first eye. | ***If the infection is bilateral, the second eye will usually present signs of ARN in the weeks and months following the initial symptom manifestation in the first eye. | ||
*Acute retinal necrosis can also be classified by severity into the following:<ref name="pmid25356955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D |title=Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=2088–96 |year=2014 |pmid=25356955 |pmc=4226315 |doi=10.12659/MSM.890469 |url=}}</ref> | *Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] can also be classified by severity into the following:<ref name="pmid25356955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D |title=Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=2088–96 |year=2014 |pmid=25356955 |pmc=4226315 |doi=10.12659/MSM.890469 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**'''Mild''': Is used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive. | **'''Mild''': Is used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive. | ||
***There is usually no sign of [[retinal detachment]]. | ***There is usually no sign of [[retinal detachment]]. | ||
Revision as of 14:16, 26 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Acute retinal necrosis may be classified both by staging - Acute or Late - or by severity: Mild or Fulminant.
Classification
- Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) may be classified by staging and severity into the following:[1]
- Acute stage: Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks.
- Presents with coalescence of white, necrotic tissue in the peripheral retina.
- Vaso-occlusive retinal vasculitis is usually present.
- The optic nerve head of the affected eye will appear swollen, but the posterior pole will usually not be affected during the acute stage.
- Late stage: Is the natural progression of the disease and will present differentiating characteristics after a few weeks up to a few months.
- Characterized by a regression of the coalesced necrosis in the peripheral retina, presenting starkly contrasted necrotic/non-necrotic tissue and mild pigmentation scarring and increased vitreous debris
- Retinal detachment, severe vision loss, and potential blindness in the affected eye is indicative of late stage ARN.
- If the infection is bilateral, the second eye will usually present signs of ARN in the weeks and months following the initial symptom manifestation in the first eye.
- Acute stage: Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks.
- Acute retinal necrosis can also be classified by severity into the following:[2]
- Mild: Is used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive.
- There is usually no sign of retinal detachment.
- Fulminant: ARN that is progressive and will usually lead to retinal detachment and further complications if untreated.
- Mild: Is used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive.
References
- ↑ Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG (1991). "Acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Br J Ophthalmol. 75 (5): 292–7. PMC 1042358. PMID 1645179.
- ↑ Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D (2014). "Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis". Med. Sci. Monit. 20: 2088–96. doi:10.12659/MSM.890469. PMC 4226315. PMID 25356955.