Graves' disease risk factors: Difference between revisions
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== Risk Factors == | == Risk Factors == | ||
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!Risk Factors | |||
!Graves' disease | |||
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|Genetic susceptibility | |||
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* Association with immune related genes (i.e. CTLA-4).<ref name="pmid14570752" /> | |||
* Association with certain alleles of human leukocyte | |||
antigen (HLA) on chromosome 6.<ref name="pmid12973666" /> | |||
* The concordance rate in monozygotic twins is 20 to 40 percent. | |||
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|Infection | |||
|There are some possible infection that may predispose patient to Graves' disease | |||
* Congenital rubella | |||
* Hepatitis C<ref name="pmid21297381" /> | |||
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|Stress | |||
|Some psychotic stress disorders are more common among Graves' patients.<ref name="pmid8498147" /> | |||
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|Smoking | |||
|It is associated with Graves' diseases and its' ophtalmopathy.<ref name="pmid19264688" /> | |||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 15 December 2016
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Graves' disease risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
| Risk Factors | Graves' disease |
|---|---|
| Genetic susceptibility |
antigen (HLA) on chromosome 6.[2]
|
| Infection | There are some possible infection that may predispose patient to Graves' disease
|
| Stress | Some psychotic stress disorders are more common among Graves' patients.[4] |
| Smoking | It is associated with Graves' diseases and its' ophtalmopathy.[5] |
| Risk Factors | Graves' disease |
|---|---|
| Genetic susceptibility |
antigen (HLA) on chromosome 6.[2]
|
| Infection | There are some possible infection that may predispose patient to Graves' disease
|
| Stress | Some psychotic stress disorders are more common among Graves' patients.[4] |
| Smoking | It is associated with Graves' diseases and its' ophtalmopathy.[5] |
Scientists don’t know exactly why some people develop Graves’ disease, but they believe factors such as age, sex, heredity, and emotional and environmental stress are involved.
Graves’ disease usually occurs in people younger than age 40 and is five to 10 times more common in women than men. An individual’s chance of developing Graves’ disease increases if other family members have it.
Researchers have not been able to find a specific gene that causes the disease to be passed from one generation to the next. Scientists know that some people inherit an immune system that can make antibodies against healthy cells, but predicting who will be affected is difficult.
People with other autoimmune diseases have an increased chance of developing Graves’ disease. Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and vitiligo—a disorder in which some parts of the skin are not pigmented—are among the conditions associated with Graves’ disease.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tomer Y, Davies TF (2003). "Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function". Endocr. Rev. 24 (5): 694–717. doi:10.1210/er.2002-0030. PMID 14570752.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tomer Y, Ban Y, Concepcion E, Barbesino G, Villanueva R, Greenberg DA, Davies TF (2003). "Common and unique susceptibility loci in Graves and Hashimoto diseases: results of whole-genome screening in a data set of 102 multiplex families". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 736–47. doi:10.1086/378588. PMC 1180598. PMID 12973666.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Menconi F, Hasham A, Tomer Y (2011). "Environmental triggers of thyroiditis: hepatitis C and interferon-α". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 34 (1): 78–84. doi:10.1007/BF03346699. PMID 21297381.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sonino N, Girelli ME, Boscaro M, Fallo F, Busnardo B, Fava GA (1993). "Life events in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. A controlled study". Acta Endocrinol. 128 (4): 293–6. PMID 8498147.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bartalena L, Tanda ML (2009). "Clinical practice. Graves' ophthalmopathy". N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (10): 994–1001. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0806317. PMID 19264688.