Viral gastroenteritis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include, Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, enteric Adenoviruses (group F) and Astroviruses. Among them, Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults and children worldwide. | Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include, [[Rotavirus|Rotaviruses]], [[Norovirus|Noroviruses]], enteric [[Adenoviruses]] (group F) and [[Astrovirus|Astroviruses]]. Among them, Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults and children worldwide. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life threatening causes=== | ===Life threatening causes=== | ||
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===Common causes=== | ===Common causes=== | ||
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid21128089">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, Aho S, Wolfer M, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Marc E, Raymond J, Lebon P, Pothier P, Gendrel D |title=Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=361–8 |year=2011 |pmid=21128089 |doi=10.1007/s10096-010-1094-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19864676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK |title=Norovirus gastroenteritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=18 |pages=1776–85 |year=2009 |pmid=19864676 |pmc=3880795 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0804575 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24981041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA |title=Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=725–30 |year=2014 |pmid=24981041 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25437502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durmaz R, Kalaycioglu AT, Acar S, Bakkaloglu Z, Karagoz A, Korukluoglu G, Ertek M, Torunoglu MA |title=Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: report of rotavirus surveillance in Turkey |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=e113674 |year=2014 |pmid=25437502 |pmc=4249891 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0113674 |url=}}</ref><br> | Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid21128089">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, Aho S, Wolfer M, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Marc E, Raymond J, Lebon P, Pothier P, Gendrel D |title=Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=361–8 |year=2011 |pmid=21128089 |doi=10.1007/s10096-010-1094-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19864676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK |title=Norovirus gastroenteritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=18 |pages=1776–85 |year=2009 |pmid=19864676 |pmc=3880795 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0804575 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24981041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA |title=Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=725–30 |year=2014 |pmid=24981041 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25437502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durmaz R, Kalaycioglu AT, Acar S, Bakkaloglu Z, Karagoz A, Korukluoglu G, Ertek M, Torunoglu MA |title=Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: report of rotavirus surveillance in Turkey |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=e113674 |year=2014 |pmid=25437502 |pmc=4249891 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0113674 |url=}}</ref><br> | ||
*Rotaviruses | *[[Rotavirus|Rotaviruses]] | ||
*Noroviruses | *[[Norovirus|Noroviruses]] | ||
*Enteric Adenoviruses (group F) | *Enteric [[Adenoviruses]] (group F) | ||
*Astroviruses | *[[Astrovirus|Astroviruses]] | ||
===Less common causes=== | ===Less common causes=== | ||
Less common causes for viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid12064451">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan, May 2002 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=51 |issue=22 |pages=477–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12064451 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Less common causes for viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid12064451">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan, May 2002 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=51 |issue=22 |pages=477–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12064451 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Kobuviruses (including aichivirus) | *[[Kobuvirus|Kobuviruses]] (including aichivirus) | ||
*Enteroviruses | *[[Enteroviruses]] | ||
*Orthoreoviruses | *[[Orthoreovirus|Orthoreoviruses]] | ||
*Adenoviruses (other than group F) | *[[Adenoviruses]] (other than group F) | ||
*Toroviruses | *Toroviruses | ||
*Coronaviruses (including SARS) | *[[Coronaviruses]] (including [[SARS]]) | ||
*Parvoviruses (including bocavirus) | *[[Parvovirus|Parvoviruses]] (including bocavirus) | ||
===Causes in immunocompromised hosts=== | ===Causes in immunocompromised hosts=== | ||
In addition to common causes of viral gastroenteritis, immunosuppressed patients are prone to following viral micro organism.<ref name="pmid19113983">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barakat SS, Campbell WN |title=Refractory diarrhea in a patient with HIV infection |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=213; 257–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19113983 |doi=10.1086/595699 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26568919">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ribeiro J, Ferreira D, Arrabalde C, Almeida S, Baldaque I, Sousa H |title=Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal |journal=World J Virol |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=372–6 |year=2015 |pmid=26568919 |pmc=4641229 |doi=10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.372 |url=}}</ref> | In addition to common causes of viral gastroenteritis, [[immunosuppressed]] patients are prone to following viral micro-organism.<ref name="pmid19113983">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barakat SS, Campbell WN |title=Refractory diarrhea in a patient with HIV infection |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=213; 257–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19113983 |doi=10.1086/595699 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26568919">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ribeiro J, Ferreira D, Arrabalde C, Almeida S, Baldaque I, Sousa H |title=Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal |journal=World J Virol |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=372–6 |year=2015 |pmid=26568919 |pmc=4641229 |doi=10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.372 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*HIV | *[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] | ||
*Cytomegalovirus | *[[Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
*Herpes simplex virus | *[[Herpes simplex virus]] | ||
*Picobirnaviruses | *Picobirnaviruses | ||
*Adenoviruses types 42–47 (often systemic) | *[[Adenoviruses]] types 42–47 (often systemic) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 23 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include, Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, enteric Adenoviruses (group F) and Astroviruses. Among them, Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults and children worldwide.
Causes
Life threatening causes
There are no life threatening causes associated with viral gastroenteritis.
Common causes
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Rotaviruses
- Noroviruses
- Enteric Adenoviruses (group F)
- Astroviruses
Less common causes
Less common causes for viral gastroenteritis include:[6]
- Kobuviruses (including aichivirus)
- Enteroviruses
- Orthoreoviruses
- Adenoviruses (other than group F)
- Toroviruses
- Coronaviruses (including SARS)
- Parvoviruses (including bocavirus)
Causes in immunocompromised hosts
In addition to common causes of viral gastroenteritis, immunosuppressed patients are prone to following viral micro-organism.[7][8]
- HIV
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Picobirnaviruses
- Adenoviruses types 42–47 (often systemic)
References
- ↑ Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, Aho S, Wolfer M, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Marc E, Raymond J, Lebon P, Pothier P, Gendrel D (2011). "Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30 (3): 361–8. doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1094-9. PMID 21128089.
- ↑ Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI (2012). "The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States". J. Infect. Dis. 205 (9): 1374–81. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis206. PMID 22454468.
- ↑ Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK (2009). "Norovirus gastroenteritis". N. Engl. J. Med. 361 (18): 1776–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804575. PMC 3880795. PMID 19864676.
- ↑ Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA (2014). "Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Lancet Infect Dis. 14 (8): 725–30. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. PMID 24981041.
- ↑ Durmaz R, Kalaycioglu AT, Acar S, Bakkaloglu Z, Karagoz A, Korukluoglu G, Ertek M, Torunoglu MA (2014). "Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: report of rotavirus surveillance in Turkey". PLoS ONE. 9 (12): e113674. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113674. PMC 4249891. PMID 25437502.
- ↑ "Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan, May 2002". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51 (22): 477–9. 2002. PMID 12064451.
- ↑ Barakat SS, Campbell WN (2009). "Refractory diarrhea in a patient with HIV infection". Clin. Infect. Dis. 48 (2): 213, 257–8. doi:10.1086/595699. PMID 19113983.
- ↑ Ribeiro J, Ferreira D, Arrabalde C, Almeida S, Baldaque I, Sousa H (2015). "Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal". World J Virol. 4 (4): 372–6. doi:10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.372. PMC 4641229. PMID 26568919.