Secondary adrenal insufficiency: Difference between revisions
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Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland. | Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland. | ||
#Secondary adrenal insufficiency: | |||
caused by impairment of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.[1] Its principal causes include pituitary adenoma (which can suppress production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lead to adrenal deficiency unless the endogenous hormones are replaced); and Sheehan's syndrome, which is associated with impairment of only the pituitary gland. | caused by impairment of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.[1] Its principal causes include pituitary adenoma (which can suppress production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lead to adrenal deficiency unless the endogenous hormones are replaced); and Sheehan's syndrome, which is associated with impairment of only the pituitary gland. | ||
#Tertiary adrenal insufficiency: | |||
due to hypothalamic disease and a decrease in the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).[2] Causes can include brain tumors and sudden withdrawal from long-term exogenous steroid use (which is the most common cause overall).[3] | due to hypothalamic disease and a decrease in the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).[2] Causes can include brain tumors and sudden withdrawal from long-term exogenous steroid use (which is the most common cause overall).[3] | ||
Revision as of 23:02, 6 August 2017
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Adrenal insufficiency Microchapters |
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Case Studies |
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Secondary adrenal insufficiency On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Secondary adrenal insufficiency |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Secondary adrenal insufficiency |
For patient information click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: hypocortisolism; hypocorticism; adrenocortical hypofunction
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Three major types:
- Primary adrenal insufficiency
It is due to impairment of the adrenal glands. 80% are due to an autoimmune disease called Addison's disease or autoimmune adrenalitis. One subtype is called idiopathic, meaning of unknown cause. Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland.
- Secondary adrenal insufficiency:
caused by impairment of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.[1] Its principal causes include pituitary adenoma (which can suppress production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lead to adrenal deficiency unless the endogenous hormones are replaced); and Sheehan's syndrome, which is associated with impairment of only the pituitary gland.
- Tertiary adrenal insufficiency:
due to hypothalamic disease and a decrease in the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).[2] Causes can include brain tumors and sudden withdrawal from long-term exogenous steroid use (which is the most common cause overall).[3]
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Adrenal Insufficiency from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Related Chapters
- Addison disease, primary adrenocortical insufficiency
- ACTH stimulation test
- Cushing's syndrome, overproduction of cortisol
- Insulin tolerance test, another test used to identify sub-types of adrenal insufficiency.
- Adrenal fatigue (hypoadrenia), a term used in alternative medicine to describe a believed exhaustion of the adrenal glands.