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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Thyroid dysfunction was first associated to pregnancy by Dr. W.E.H. Robertson, Newzeland physician, latter awarded the Sir Charles Hastings Prize for his essay in 1946. He diagnosed postpartum patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism after pregnancy and their improvement on treatment with thyroid extracts in 1946.{{cite web |url=http://www.moh.govt.nz/notebook/nbbooks.nsf/0/FEBFBBAAE8E398EB4C256608002D8CF2/$file/110128M.pdf |title=www.moh.govt.nz |format= |work= |accessdate=}} | Thyroid dysfunction was first associated to pregnancy by Dr. W.E.H. Robertson, Newzeland physician, latter awarded the Sir Charles Hastings Prize for his essay in 1946. He diagnosed postpartum patients with symptoms of [hypothyroidism] after pregnancy and their improvement on treatment with thyroid extracts in 1946.{{cite web |url=http://www.moh.govt.nz/notebook/nbbooks.nsf/0/FEBFBBAAE8E398EB4C256608002D8CF2/$file/110128M.pdf |title=www.moh.govt.nz |format= |work= |accessdate=}} | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Revision as of 14:01, 11 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]
Overview
Thyroid dysfunction was first associated to pregnancy by Dr. W.E.H. Robertson, Newzeland physician, latter awarded the Sir Charles Hastings Prize for his essay in 1946. He diagnosed postpartum patients with symptoms of [hypothyroidism] after pregnancy and their improvement on treatment with thyroid extracts in 1946."www.moh.govt.nz" (PDF).
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- 1946: Postpartum thyroid dysfunction was first discovered by Dr. W.E.H. Robertson, Newzeland physician, who diagnosed postpartum patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism after pregnancy and their improvement on treatment with thyroid extracts.[1]
- 98-138 AD: PPT was first observed by Soranus, Roman gynecologist, as neck swelling after birth of baby which he published in book Gynaecia.[2]
- 1308-1340: Postpartum thyroid dysfunction was first observed in pictures of Madonna Enthroned by Duccio and Lorenzetti holding child in lap with Goiter which later proved by Dr Glinoer D 1997 due to iodine deficiency leading to postpartum thyroid dysfunction.[3]
- 1786: Parry CH , British physician, who observed signs of hyperthyroidism in postpartum women which he described in his paper published in the posthumous publication.[4]
- 1868: Dr. Armand Trousseau, observed signs of hypothyroidisum in postpartum patients who got relief from symptoms on end of postpartum and establishment of menstrual cycle or conception but he could not connect relation of hypothyroidism to postpartum. His literature says "goitre occurring in pregnant women is apparently due to pregnancy, while that of exophthalmos is seemingly cured by pregnancy""Lectures on clinical medicine, delivered at the Hotel-Dieu, Paris. Translated and edited with notes and appendices by P. Victor Bazire : Trousseau, Armand, 1801-1867 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive".
- 1888: Dr. Sawin, was first to report postpartum hypothyroidism case number 16 in the seminal report of myxedeoma.[5]
- 1888: Sir H. Bryan Donkin, British physician, associated symptoms of hypothyroidism related to pregnancy which got better after the end of postpartum period.[6]
- 1891: Dr. George R. Murray, English physician, who successfully treated hypothyroid patient after miscarriage with sheep extract of thyroid.[7]
- 1953: Danowski and colleagues, compared levels of serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) during and after pregnancy and postpartum period, and found them low in postpartum and improving after postpartum period.[8]
- 1961: Parker and Beierwaltes found antithyroid antibodies decreasing in pregnancy and increasing in postpartum period.[9]
- In 1982, Amino and colleagues were the first to discover the association between postpartum period and the development of transient hyperthyroidism and/or hypothyroidism with prevalence of 5.5% of 505 Japanese women.[10]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 1976, Anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies were observed correlation to postpartum thyroisits by Nobuyuki Amino.[11]
- in 1997, Study conducted to related thyroid hormone and iodine levels in PPT.[12]
- In 2011, Dr. Stagnaro Green published a study in which PPT was found in relation with type 1 DM.[13]
- In 2007, Negro R published study showing reduction in incidence of PPT with selenium treatment during pregnancy.[14]
Impact on Cultural History
The live birth rate of United States increased from 4 million in 2010 and 134 million all over world. In every 18th women anti TPO antibodies are present. Every day essential part of research is going to improve pregnancies out comes by better screening methods and early diagnosis of disease effecting baby or mothers such as PPT.
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
- Dr. Terry Davis was first to find anti-TPO antibodies in patient who suffered loss of pregnancy.[15]
References
- ↑ Smallridge, Robert C. (1999). "Postpartum Thyroid Diseases Through The Ages: A Historical View". Thyroid. 9 (7): 671–673. doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.671. ISSN 1050-7256.
- ↑ Smallridge, Robert C. (2014). "Clark T. Sawin Historical Vignette: What Do Criminology, Harry Houdini, and King George V Have in Common with Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction?". Thyroid. 24 (12): 1752–1758. doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0165. ISSN 1050-7256.
- ↑ Lazzeri, Davide; Castello, ManuelFrancisco; Lippi, Donatella; Weisz, GeorgeM (2016). "Goiter in portraits of Judith the Jewish heroine". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 20 (1): 119. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.172266. ISSN 2230-8210.
- ↑ Hamolsky, Milton W.; Kurland, George S.; Freedberg, A.Stone (1961). "The heart in hypothyroidism". Journal of Chronic Diseases. 14 (5): 558–569. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(61)90020-0. ISSN 0021-9681.
- ↑ Lindholm, J.; Laurberg, P. (2011). "Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Substitution: Historical Aspects". Journal of Thyroid Research. 2011: 1–10. doi:10.4061/2011/809341. ISSN 2042-0072.
- ↑ Landek-Salgado, Melissa A.; Gutenberg, Angelika; Lupi, Isabella; Kimura, Hiroaki; Mariotti, Stefano; Rose, Noel R.; Caturegli, Patrizio (2010). "Pregnancy, postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune hypophysitis: Intimate relationships". Autoimmunity Reviews. 9 (3): 153–157. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.06.001. ISSN 1568-9972.
- ↑ Murray GR (1891). "Note on the Treatment of Myxoedema by Hypodermic Injections of an Extract of the Thyroid Gland of a Sheep". Br Med J. 2 (1606): 796–7. PMC 2273741. PMID 20753415.
- ↑ BROWN-GRANT K (1956). "Gonadal function and thyroid activity". J Physiol. 131 (1): 70–84. PMC 1363517. PMID 13296046.
- ↑ Amino N, Kuro R, Tanizawa O, Tanaka F, Hayashi C, Kotani K; et al. (1978). "Changes of serum anti-thyroid antibodies during and after pregnancy in autoimmune thyroid diseases". Clin Exp Immunol. 31 (1): 30–7. PMC 1541198. PMID 639347.
- ↑ Amino N, Kuro R, Miayi K, Kumahara Y (1979). "Measurement of anti-thyroid antibodies in dried blood spots". Clin Exp Immunol. 35 (1): 158–60. PMC 1537598. PMID 371886 PMID: 371886 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Amino, Nobuyuki; Miyai, Kiyoshi; Onishi, Toshio; Hashimoto, Takuma; Arai, Kayoko; Ishibashi, Kaichiro; Kumahara, Yuichi (1976). "Transient Hypothyroidism After Delivery in Autoimmune Thyroiditis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 42 (2): 296–301. doi:10.1210/jcem-42-2-296. ISSN 0021-972X.
- ↑ Lazarus JH, Ammari F, Oretti R, Parkes AB, Richards CJ, Harris B (1997). "Clinical aspects of recurrent postpartum thyroiditis". Br J Gen Pract. 47 (418): 305–8. PMC 1313006. PMID 9219408.
- ↑ Alex Stagnaro-Green & Elizabeth Pearce (2012). "Thyroid disorders in pregnancy". Nature reviews. Endocrinology. 8 (11): 650–658. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.171. PMID 23007317. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Negro R, Greco G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H (2007). "The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92 (4): 1263–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1821. PMID 17284630.
- ↑ Harris, B.; Othman, S.; Davies, J. A.; Weppner, G. J.; Richards, C. J.; Newcombe, R. G.; Lazarus, J. H.; Parkes, A. B.; Hall, R.; Phillips, D. I. (1992). "Association between postpartum thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies and depression". BMJ. 305 (6846): 152–156. doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.152. ISSN 0959-8138.