Secondary adrenal insufficiency causes: Difference between revisions

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*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
* Metastasis
*[[Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire]] ([[MAI]])<ref name="pmid1758516">{{cite journal |author=Weits J, Sprenger HG, Ilic P, van Klingeren B, Elema JD, Steensma JT |title=[Mycobacterium avium disease in AIDS patients; diagnosis and therapy] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd |volume=135 |issue=52 |pages=2485–9 |year=1991 |month=December |pmid=1758516 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire]] ([[MAI]])<ref name="pmid1758516">{{cite journal |author=Weits J, Sprenger HG, Ilic P, van Klingeren B, Elema JD, Steensma JT |title=[Mycobacterium avium disease in AIDS patients; diagnosis and therapy] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd |volume=135 |issue=52 |pages=2485–9 |year=1991 |month=December |pmid=1758516 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Panhypopituitarism]]
*[[Panhypopituitarism]]

Revision as of 15:31, 10 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of secondary adrenal insufficiency include causes of acute adrenal crisis/insufficiency:

Common Causes

Secondary adrenal insufficiency may be caused by:

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of secondary adrenal insufficiency include:

  • Pituitary causes
    • Lymphocytic hypophysitis
  • Genetic causes:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arteritis, Hypotension, Hemorrhage, Infarction
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic POEMS syndrome
Drug Side Effect Aminoglutethimide, Ciclesonide, Cidofovir, Corticosteroid withdrawal, Dexamethasone, Flunisolide, Pembrolizumab,prednisolone, Trilostane
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Allgrove syndrome, Achalasia-addisonian syndrome, Adrenal aplasia / adrenal hypoplasia, Adrenal metastases, After surgery of cortisol-secreting tumor, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, Bilateral adrenalectomy , Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Glucocorticoid deficiency 1, IMAGE syndrome, POEMS syndrome, X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Allgrove syndrome, Achalasia-addisonian syndrome, Hemochromatosis
Genetic Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency, Glycerol kinase deficiency, Hereditary ACTH resistance, IMAGE syndrome, X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita, Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), Proopiomelanocortin deficiency (POMC), Isolated ACTH deficiency
Hematologic Anticoagulation, Coagulopathy , Embolus, Leukemia, Lymphoma , Thrombosis
Iatrogenic Iatrogenic, Radiation therapy, Chronic steroid therapy
Infectious Disease AIDS, Blastomycosis, CMV, Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis , Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire (MAI), Sepsis, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho IMAGE syndrome
Neurologic Adrenoleukodystrophy, Coma, Craniopharyngioma, Panhypopituitarism, POEMS syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Craniopharyngioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma , pituitary metastasis
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis,
Renal / Electrolyte Uremia, Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Autoimmune, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, Sarcoidosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloidosis, Idiopathic, Iatrogenic, Radiation therapy, Surgery, Surgical removal of pituitary, Surgical removal of hypothalamus

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. ↑ Ham PB, Cunningham AJ, Mentzer CJ, Ahmad A, Young LS, Abuzeid AM (2015). "Traumatic panhypopituitarism resulting in acute adrenal crisis". J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 79 (3): 484–9. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000771. PMID 26307884.
  2. ↑ Puar TH, Stikkelbroeck NM, Smans LC, Zelissen PM, Hermus AR (2016). "Adrenal Crisis: Still a Deadly Event in the 21st Century". Am J Med. 129 (3): 339.e1–9. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.08.021. PMID 26363354.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Huebner A, Yoon SJ, Ozkinay F; et al. (2000). "Triple A syndrome--clinical aspects and molecular genetics". Endocr. Res. 26 (4): 751–9. PMID 11196451. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Mosser J, Douar AM, Sarde CO; et al. (1993). "Putative X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy gene shares unexpected homology with ABC transporters". Nature. 361 (6414): 726–30. doi:10.1038/361726a0. PMID 8441467. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Shashidhar PK, Shashikala GV (2012). "Low dose adrenocorticotropic hormone test and adrenal insufficiency in critically ill acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (3): 389–94. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.95680. PMC 3354846. PMID 22629505. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Eledrisi MS, Verghese AC (2001). "Adrenal insufficiency in HIV infection: a review and recommendations". Am. J. Med. Sci. 321 (2): 137–44. PMID 11217816. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Cocco C, Meloni A, Mariotti S; et al. (2012). "Novel neuronal and endocrine autoantibody targets in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1". Autoimmunity. 45 (6): 485–94. doi:10.3109/08916934.2012.680632. PMID 22506635. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Osa SR, Peterson RE, Roberts RB (1981). "Recovery of adrenal reserve following treatment of disseminated South American blastomycosis". Am. J. Med. 71 (2): 298–301. PMID 6266250. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Ardalan M, Shoja MM (2009). "Cytomegalovirus-induced adrenal insufficiency in a renal transplant recipient". Transplant. Proc. 41 (7): 2915–6. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.07.024. PMID 19765472. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Mihalache A, Lamy O, Waeber G, Schneider A (2007). "[Adrenal insufficiency and hypercalcemia--an unusual presentation]". Praxis (Bern 1994) (in German). 96 (45): 1761–5. PMID 18050601. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Kawamura M, Miyazaki S, Mashiko S; et al. (1998). "Disseminated cryptococcosis associated with adrenal masses and insufficiency". Am. J. Med. Sci. 316 (1): 60–4. PMID 9671046. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Turan S, Hughes C, Atay Z; et al. (2012). "An atypical case of familial glucocorticoid deficiency without pigmentation caused by coexistent homozygous mutations in MC2R (T152K) and MC1R (R160W)". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97 (5): E771–4. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2414. PMC 3396854. PMID 22337906. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ Francke U, Harper JF, Darras BT; et al. (1987). "Congenital adrenal hypoplasia, myopathy, and glycerol kinase deficiency: molecular genetic evidence for deletions". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 40 (3): 212–27. PMC 1684111. PMID 2883886. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Thorsteinsson B, Kirkegaard BC (1996). "[Pituitary function in hemochromatosis]". Ugeskr. Laeg. (in Danish). 158 (13): 1818–22. PMID 8650756. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Pedreira CC, Savarirayan R, Zacharin MR (2004). "IMAGe syndrome: a complex disorder affecting growth, adrenal and gonadal function, and skeletal development". J. Pediatr. 144 (2): 274–7. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.09.052. PMID 14760276. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Weits J, Sprenger HG, Ilic P, van Klingeren B, Elema JD, Steensma JT (1991). "[Mycobacterium avium disease in AIDS patients; diagnosis and therapy]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (in Dutch; Flemish). 135 (52): 2485–9. PMID 1758516. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ; et al. (2003). "POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome". Blood. 101 (7): 2496–506. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2299. PMID 12456500. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Gostiljac DM, Dordević PB, Maric-zivković J, Canović F (2005). "[Sarcoidosis localized in endocrine glands]". Med. Pregl. 58 Suppl 1: 25–9. PMID 16526262.


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