Goiter causes: Difference between revisions
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* Use of [[goitrogen|goitrogenic]] drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), [[thiocyanate]] and antithyroid drugs [e.g. [[thiouracil]], [[carbimazole]]] results in [[hypothyroidism]] | * Use of [[goitrogen|goitrogenic]] drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), [[thiocyanate]] and antithyroid drugs [e.g. [[thiouracil]], [[carbimazole]]] results in [[hypothyroidism]] | ||
'''[[Physiological]] factors''' | '''[[Physiological]] factors''' | ||
* Increased metabolic demand of [[thyroid hormones]] e.g. during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]] results in physiological | * Increased metabolic demand of [[thyroid hormones]] e.g. during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]] results in physiological goiter. | ||
'''[[Environmental Health Perspectives|Environmental]] factors''' | '''[[Environmental Health Perspectives|Environmental]] factors''' | ||
* Exposure to radiations leading to: | * Exposure to radiations leading to: | ||
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*[[Thyroid cancer]] | *[[Thyroid cancer]] | ||
*[[Multinodular goiter]] | *[[Multinodular goiter]] | ||
*Solitary thyroid nodules | *Solitary [[Thyroid nodule|thyroid nodules]] | ||
===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Goiter may be caused by a [[mutation]] in the following [[genes]] which vary from one [[family]] to the other: <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Goiter may be caused by a [[mutation]] in the following [[genes]] which vary from one [[family]] to the other: <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
:*[[Thyroglobulin]] (Tg) gene | :*[[Thyroglobulin]] ([[Thyroglobulin|Tg]]) gene | ||
:*[[Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor]] ([[TSHR]]) gene | :*[[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor]] ([[TSHR]]) gene | ||
:*[[ | :*[[Sodium-iodide symporter|Sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene]] | ||
*[[Multinodular goiter]] marker 1 (MNG1) on [[chromosome 14]] <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Multinodular goiter]] marker 1 (MNG1) on [[chromosome 14]] <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 18 November 2017
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Goiter Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Goiter causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Goiter causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Various factors have been associated with the cause of goiter such as hereditary, hormonal, dietary, pharmacological, physiological, environmental and pathological factors. The most common causes being, iodine deficiency, Grave's disease and hashimoto's disease. Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the genes such as the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene and the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene.
Causes
Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:
Hereditary factors
- Inherited defect(Familial goiter) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
- Enzymatic defect deficiency
- Dyshormonogenesis
Hormonal factors
Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
- Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones)
- Hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones)
Dietary factors
- Dietary iodine deficiency
- Goitrogens (play a major role in endemic goitre)
Pharmacological factors
- Use of goitrogenic drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), thiocyanate and antithyroid drugs [e.g. thiouracil, carbimazole] results in hypothyroidism
Physiological factors
- Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during pregnancy or puberty results in physiological goiter.
Environmental factors
- Exposure to radiations leading to:
Pathological factors
Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases:
- Inflammatory goitres
- Neoplastic goitres
- Benign adenoma (follicular adenoma)
- Malignant
- Primary: Well differentiated, poorly differentiated, arising from parafollicular cells
- Secondary
Common Causes
Goiter may be caused by:
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of Goiter include:
Genetic Causes
- Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: [1]
- Multinodular goiter marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 [1]