Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* | * Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be caused by exposure to organic antigens that can occur in different occupations. | ||
* Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to | * Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | ||
* Etiology can be divided among various occupations: | * Etiology can be divided among various occupations: | ||
'''Farmers'''<ref name="pmid81314663">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L |title=Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers |journal=Chest |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=1202–9 |year=1993 |pmid=8131466 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | '''Farmers'''<ref name="pmid81314663">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L |title=Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers |journal=Chest |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=1202–9 |year=1993 |pmid=8131466 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Farmers lung is the most common form of | * Farmers lung is the most common form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | ||
* It can further be divided based on the type of farming and antigen exposure. | * It can further be divided based on the type of farming and antigen exposure. | ||
** Tobacco farmer: Most common antigen are aspergillus and scopulariopsis brevicaulis. | ** Tobacco farmer: Most common antigen are aspergillus and scopulariopsis brevicaulis. | ||
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** Potato farming: Most common antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, T. vulgaris and F. rectivirgula. | ** Potato farming: Most common antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, T. vulgaris and F. rectivirgula. | ||
'''Poultry/bird handling'''<ref name="pmid21870048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chan AL, Juarez MM, Leslie KO, Ismail HA, Albertson TE |title=Bird fancier's lung: a state-of-the-art review |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume=43 |issue=1-2 |pages=69–83 |year=2012 |pmid=21870048 |doi=10.1007/s12016-011-8282-y |url=}}</ref> | '''Poultry/bird handling'''<ref name="pmid21870048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chan AL, Juarez MM, Leslie KO, Ismail HA, Albertson TE |title=Bird fancier's lung: a state-of-the-art review |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume=43 |issue=1-2 |pages=69–83 |year=2012 |pmid=21870048 |doi=10.1007/s12016-011-8282-y |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Excreta of birds and cattle may induce | * Excreta of birds and cattle may induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | ||
* Proteinaceous material on droppings, feathers and serum proteins is dispersed through dust. | * Proteinaceous material on droppings, feathers and serum proteins is dispersed through dust. | ||
* It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure: | * It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure: | ||
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** Duck handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from duck feathers products. | ** Duck handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from duck feathers products. | ||
'''Veterinarians''' | '''Veterinarians''' | ||
* | * Vererinarians are exposed to variety of organic antigens as they work in close proximity to animals. | ||
'''Constructions workers'''<ref name="pmid2166333">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alegre J, Morell F, Cobo E |title=Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of workers exposed to cork dust, toluene diisocyanate and conidia |journal=Scand J Work Environ Health |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=175–81 |year=1990 |pmid=2166333 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Construction workers work with a variety of materials which can get infected with mold | |||
* This can then disperse in fine dust particles carrying mold particles acting as antigens. | |||
* It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure: | |||
** Wood dust: Most common antigens are Alternaria sp and Bacillus subtilis. | |||
** Maple bark: Most common antigen is cryptostroma corticale. | |||
** Composter: Most common antigens are T. vulgaris, and aspergillus. | |||
** Thatched-roof: Most common antigen is saccharomonospora viridis | |||
** Esparto dust: Most common antigens aspergillus fumigatus and T. actinomycetes. | |||
'''Textile workers'''<ref name="pmid7587416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lougheed MD, Roos JO, Waddell WR, Munt PW |title=Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and diffuse alveolar damage in textile workers. Potential role of mycotoxins |journal=Chest |volume=108 |issue=5 |pages=1196–200 |year=1995 |pmid=7587416 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* This exposure can lead to atypical type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | |||
* Diffuse alveolar injury in the form of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis is most common. | |||
* Exposure to antigens like cotton mill dust, aflatoxin-producing fungus and puffball spores leads to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:14, 16 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be caused by exposure to organic antigens that can occur in different occupations.
- Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Etiology can be divided among various occupations:
Farmers[1]
- Farmers lung is the most common form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- It can further be divided based on the type of farming and antigen exposure.
- Tobacco farmer: Most common antigen are aspergillus and scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
- Paprika pods farmer: Most common antigen mucor stolonifer.
- Wine makers: Most common antigen botrytis cincrea.
- Mushroom cultivaters: Most common antigens are mushroom spores and thermophilic actinomycetes.
- Potato farming: Most common antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, T. vulgaris and F. rectivirgula.
Poultry/bird handling[2]
- Excreta of birds and cattle may induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Proteinaceous material on droppings, feathers and serum proteins is dispersed through dust.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Poultry workers: Serum proteins from chicken products lead to feather plucker's disease.
- Turkey handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from turkey products.
- Duck handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from duck feathers products.
Veterinarians
- Vererinarians are exposed to variety of organic antigens as they work in close proximity to animals.
Constructions workers[3]
- Construction workers work with a variety of materials which can get infected with mold
- This can then disperse in fine dust particles carrying mold particles acting as antigens.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Wood dust: Most common antigens are Alternaria sp and Bacillus subtilis.
- Maple bark: Most common antigen is cryptostroma corticale.
- Composter: Most common antigens are T. vulgaris, and aspergillus.
- Thatched-roof: Most common antigen is saccharomonospora viridis
- Esparto dust: Most common antigens aspergillus fumigatus and T. actinomycetes.
Textile workers[4]
- This exposure can lead to atypical type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Diffuse alveolar injury in the form of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis is most common.
- Exposure to antigens like cotton mill dust, aflatoxin-producing fungus and puffball spores leads to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
References
- ↑ Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L (1993). "Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers". Chest. 103 (4): 1202–9. PMID 8131466.
- ↑ Chan AL, Juarez MM, Leslie KO, Ismail HA, Albertson TE (2012). "Bird fancier's lung: a state-of-the-art review". Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 43 (1–2): 69–83. doi:10.1007/s12016-011-8282-y. PMID 21870048.
- ↑ Alegre J, Morell F, Cobo E (1990). "Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of workers exposed to cork dust, toluene diisocyanate and conidia". Scand J Work Environ Health. 16 (3): 175–81. PMID 2166333.
- ↑ Lougheed MD, Roos JO, Waddell WR, Munt PW (1995). "Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and diffuse alveolar damage in textile workers. Potential role of mycotoxins". Chest. 108 (5): 1196–200. PMID 7587416.