Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia medical therapy: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
*The extent of disease on imaging. | *The extent of disease on imaging. | ||
*The rapidity of progression of symptoms. | *The rapidity of progression of symptoms. | ||
Standardized regimens of corticosteroids for the symptomatic and progressive disease are: | '''Standardized regimens of corticosteroids for the symptomatic and progressive disease are''': | ||
*Preferred regimen (1) [[Prednisone]] 0.75 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. | *Preferred regimen (1) [[Prednisone]] 0.75 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. | ||
**Followed by (2) [[Prednisolone]] 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. | **Followed by (2) [[Prednisolone]] 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
**Followed by (4) [[Prednisolone]] 10mg PO q24h for 6 weeks. | **Followed by (4) [[Prednisolone]] 10mg PO q24h for 6 weeks. | ||
**Followed by (5) [[Prednisolone]] 5mg PO q24h for 6 weeks before they were stopped. | **Followed by (5) [[Prednisolone]] 5mg PO q24h for 6 weeks before they were stopped. | ||
Treatment of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia according to the severity of disease: | Treatment of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia according to the severity of disease: | ||
'''Mild disease''' | '''Mild disease:''' | ||
*Patient who have minimal symptoms, normal pulmonary function tests, and mild radiographic presentation. | *Patient who have minimal symptoms, normal pulmonary function tests, and mild radiographic presentation. | ||
*Treatment of mild disease is to monitor if there is no worsening of symptoms or pulmonary function. | *Treatment of mild disease is to monitor if there is no worsening of symptoms or pulmonary function. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 31: | ||
*Macrolides are used for 3 to 6 months and taper down to once daily.<ref name="pmid3965933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC, Carrington CB, Gaensler EA |title=Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=312 |issue=3 |pages=152–8 |date=January 1985 |pmid=3965933 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198501173120304 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16304320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stover DE, Mangino D |title=Macrolides: a treatment alternative for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia? |journal=Chest |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=3611–7 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16304320 |doi=10.1378/chest.128.5.3611 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8231065">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ichikawa Y, Ninomiya H, Katsuki M, Hotta M, Tanaka M, Oizumi K |title=Low-dose/long-term erythromycin for treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) |journal=Kurume Med J |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=65–7 |date=1993 |pmid=8231065 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21652172">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaz AP, Morais A, Melo N, Caetano Mota P, Souto Moura C, Amorim A |title=[Azithromycin as an adjuvant therapy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia] |language=Portuguese |journal=Rev Port Pneumol |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=186–9 |date=2011 |pmid=21652172 |doi=10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.03.010 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19003763">{{cite journal |vauthors=Radzikowska E, Wiatr E, Gawryluk D, Langfort R, Bestry I, Chabowski M, Roszkowski K |title=[Organizing pneumonia--clarithromycin treatment] |language=Polish |journal=Pneumonol Alergol Pol |volume=76 |issue=5 |pages=334–9 |date=2008 |pmid=19003763 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Macrolides are used for 3 to 6 months and taper down to once daily.<ref name="pmid3965933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC, Carrington CB, Gaensler EA |title=Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=312 |issue=3 |pages=152–8 |date=January 1985 |pmid=3965933 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198501173120304 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16304320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stover DE, Mangino D |title=Macrolides: a treatment alternative for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia? |journal=Chest |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=3611–7 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16304320 |doi=10.1378/chest.128.5.3611 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8231065">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ichikawa Y, Ninomiya H, Katsuki M, Hotta M, Tanaka M, Oizumi K |title=Low-dose/long-term erythromycin for treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) |journal=Kurume Med J |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=65–7 |date=1993 |pmid=8231065 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21652172">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaz AP, Morais A, Melo N, Caetano Mota P, Souto Moura C, Amorim A |title=[Azithromycin as an adjuvant therapy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia] |language=Portuguese |journal=Rev Port Pneumol |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=186–9 |date=2011 |pmid=21652172 |doi=10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.03.010 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19003763">{{cite journal |vauthors=Radzikowska E, Wiatr E, Gawryluk D, Langfort R, Bestry I, Chabowski M, Roszkowski K |title=[Organizing pneumonia--clarithromycin treatment] |language=Polish |journal=Pneumonol Alergol Pol |volume=76 |issue=5 |pages=334–9 |date=2008 |pmid=19003763 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
'''Persistent or gradually worsening disease''' | '''Persistent or gradually worsening disease:''' | ||
*Patients have persistent severe progressing symptoms, moderate pulmonary function test impairment, and diffuse radiographic changes. | *Patients have persistent severe progressing symptoms, moderate pulmonary function test impairment, and diffuse radiographic changes. | ||
*According to British Thoracic Society guidelines, treatment of persistent disease is the initial dose of prednisone of 0.75 to 1 mg/kg per day, using ideal body weight, to a maximum of 100 mg/day given as a single oral dose in the morning. <ref name="pmid18757459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bradley B, Branley HM, Egan JJ, Greaves MS, Hansell DM, Harrison NK, Hirani N, Hubbard R, Lake F, Millar AB, Wallace WA, Wells AU, Whyte MK, Wilsher ML |title=Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society |journal=Thorax |volume=63 Suppl 5 |issue= |pages=v1–58 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18757459 |doi=10.1136/thx.2008.101691 |url=}}</ref> | *According to British Thoracic Society guidelines, treatment of persistent disease is the initial dose of prednisone of 0.75 to 1 mg/kg per day, using ideal body weight, to a maximum of 100 mg/day given as a single oral dose in the morning. <ref name="pmid18757459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bradley B, Branley HM, Egan JJ, Greaves MS, Hansell DM, Harrison NK, Hirani N, Hubbard R, Lake F, Millar AB, Wallace WA, Wells AU, Whyte MK, Wilsher ML |title=Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society |journal=Thorax |volume=63 Suppl 5 |issue= |pages=v1–58 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18757459 |doi=10.1136/thx.2008.101691 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''Severe cases:''' | |||
**Preferred regimen (1)[[Prednisolone]] 2mg/kg IV q24h for first 3-5 days. Followed by the same regimen discussed above. | |||
'''Relapses:''' | '''Relapses:''' | ||
*Relapses are very common with corticosteroids therapy. | *Relapses are very common with corticosteroids therapy. | ||
Revision as of 19:23, 5 March 2018
|
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia medical therapy On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia medical therapy |
|
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia medical therapy in the news |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Medical Therapy
- The mainstay of the therapy is pharmacotherapy.
- Corticosteroids are used as first-line treatment for patients with the symptomatic and progressive disease.
- For asymptomatic mass lesions or nonprogressive disease, treatment is not required, observation is required till they become symptomatic.
Deciding factors to initiate medical therapy:[1]
- Severity of symptoms.
- Pulmonary function test.
- The extent of disease on imaging.
- The rapidity of progression of symptoms.
Standardized regimens of corticosteroids for the symptomatic and progressive disease are:
- Preferred regimen (1) Prednisone 0.75 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks.
- Followed by (2) Prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks.
- Followed by (3) Prednisolone 20mg PO q24h for 4 weeks.
- Followed by (4) Prednisolone 10mg PO q24h for 6 weeks.
- Followed by (5) Prednisolone 5mg PO q24h for 6 weeks before they were stopped.
Treatment of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia according to the severity of disease:
Mild disease:
- Patient who have minimal symptoms, normal pulmonary function tests, and mild radiographic presentation.
- Treatment of mild disease is to monitor if there is no worsening of symptoms or pulmonary function.
- Patient is reassessed after 8 to 12 weeks for the worsening of symptoms and pulmonary function.
- For mild to moderate, macrolides (Clarithromycin 250 to 500 mg twice a day) are preferred by who don't want to use glucocorticosteroids.
- Macrolides are used for 3 to 6 months and taper down to once daily.[2][3][4][5][6]
Persistent or gradually worsening disease:
- Patients have persistent severe progressing symptoms, moderate pulmonary function test impairment, and diffuse radiographic changes.
- According to British Thoracic Society guidelines, treatment of persistent disease is the initial dose of prednisone of 0.75 to 1 mg/kg per day, using ideal body weight, to a maximum of 100 mg/day given as a single oral dose in the morning. [1]
- Severe cases:
- Preferred regimen (1)Prednisolone 2mg/kg IV q24h for first 3-5 days. Followed by the same regimen discussed above.
Relapses:
- Relapses are very common with corticosteroids therapy.
- The predictors of relapses are:
- Delayed treatment.
- Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase levels.
- Increased alkaline phosphatase levels.
- Relapses occur while receiving prednisone at 20 mg daily; treat with increasing the dose and decreased as discussed above.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bradley B, Branley HM, Egan JJ, Greaves MS, Hansell DM, Harrison NK, Hirani N, Hubbard R, Lake F, Millar AB, Wallace WA, Wells AU, Whyte MK, Wilsher ML (September 2008). "Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society". Thorax. 63 Suppl 5: v1–58. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.101691. PMID 18757459.
- ↑ Epler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC, Carrington CB, Gaensler EA (January 1985). "Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia". N. Engl. J. Med. 312 (3): 152–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198501173120304. PMID 3965933.
- ↑ Stover DE, Mangino D (November 2005). "Macrolides: a treatment alternative for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia?". Chest. 128 (5): 3611–7. doi:10.1378/chest.128.5.3611. PMID 16304320.
- ↑ Ichikawa Y, Ninomiya H, Katsuki M, Hotta M, Tanaka M, Oizumi K (1993). "Low-dose/long-term erythromycin for treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)". Kurume Med J. 40 (2): 65–7. PMID 8231065.
- ↑ Vaz AP, Morais A, Melo N, Caetano Mota P, Souto Moura C, Amorim A (2011). "[Azithromycin as an adjuvant therapy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]". Rev Port Pneumol (in Portuguese). 17 (4): 186–9. doi:10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.03.010. PMID 21652172.
- ↑ Radzikowska E, Wiatr E, Gawryluk D, Langfort R, Bestry I, Chabowski M, Roszkowski K (2008). "[Organizing pneumonia--clarithromycin treatment]". Pneumonol Alergol Pol (in Polish). 76 (5): 334–9. PMID 19003763.