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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. | Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. | |||
*Recent studies suggest that infections viral or bacterial may play a role through molecular mimicry. | |||
Other factors that may possibly be linked with initiation of disease include behavioral and social factors. An example of such possibly associated factors are: smoking, using cocaine, being exposed to solvents such as formaldehyde and hydrocarbons.<ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue= | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936 }} </ref> | |||
<ref name="pmid1536151">{{cite journal| author=Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA| title=The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). | journal=Am J Ind Med | year= 1992 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-53 | pmid=1536151 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1536151 }} </ref> | |||
Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.<ref name="pmid19741587">{{cite journal| author=Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, Jia XY, Zhang Y, Zhao MH| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2009 | volume= 76 | issue= 10 | pages= 1108-15 | pmid=19741587 | doi=10.1038/ki.2009.348 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19741587 }} </ref> This allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.<ref name="pmid27049372">{{cite journal| author=Couser WG| title=Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis-an update. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-22 | pmid=27049372 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27049372 }} </ref> It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a viral or bacterial infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the influenza virus may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.<ref name="pmid4571918">{{cite journal| author=Wilson CB, Dixon FJ| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1973 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 74-89 | pmid=4571918 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4571918 }}</ref> | |||
*Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure | *Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure | ||
*High concentrations of FiO2 (oxygen) | *High concentrations of FiO2 (oxygen) | ||
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Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. | Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. Recent studies suggest that infections viral or bacterial may play a role through molecular mimicry. Other factors that may possibly be linked with initiation of disease include behavioral and social factors. An example of such possibly associated factors are: smoking, using cocaine, being exposed to solvents such as formaldehyde and hydrocarbons.<ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue= | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936 }} </ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid1536151">{{cite journal| author=Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA| title=The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). | journal=Am J Ind Med | year= 1992 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-53 | pmid=1536151 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1536151 }} </ref> | <ref name="pmid1536151">{{cite journal| author=Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA| title=The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). | journal=Am J Ind Med | year= 1992 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-53 | pmid=1536151 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1536151 }} </ref> | ||
Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.<ref name="pmid19741587">{{cite journal| author=Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, Jia XY, Zhang Y, Zhao MH| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2009 | volume= 76 | issue= 10 | pages= 1108-15 | pmid=19741587 | doi=10.1038/ki.2009.348 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19741587 }} </ref> This allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.<ref name="pmid27049372">{{cite journal| author=Couser WG| title=Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis-an update. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-22 | pmid=27049372 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27049372 }} </ref> It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a viral or bacterial infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the influenza virus may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.<ref name="pmid4571918">{{cite journal| author=Wilson CB, Dixon FJ| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1973 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 74-89 | pmid=4571918 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4571918 }}</ref> | Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.<ref name="pmid19741587">{{cite journal| author=Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, Jia XY, Zhang Y, Zhao MH| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2009 | volume= 76 | issue= 10 | pages= 1108-15 | pmid=19741587 | doi=10.1038/ki.2009.348 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19741587 }} </ref> This allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.<ref name="pmid27049372">{{cite journal| author=Couser WG| title=Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis-an update. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-22 | pmid=27049372 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27049372 }} </ref> It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a viral or bacterial infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the influenza virus may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.<ref name="pmid4571918">{{cite journal| author=Wilson CB, Dixon FJ| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1973 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 74-89 | pmid=4571918 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4571918 }}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [3]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
- Recent studies suggest that infections viral or bacterial may play a role through molecular mimicry.
Other factors that may possibly be linked with initiation of disease include behavioral and social factors. An example of such possibly associated factors are: smoking, using cocaine, being exposed to solvents such as formaldehyde and hydrocarbons.[1] [2] Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.[3] This allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.[4] It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a viral or bacterial infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the influenza virus may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.[5]
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- High concentrations of FiO2 (oxygen)
- Septicemia
- Volatile hydrocarbons
- Upper respiratory infections
- Tobacco smoking
Common risk factors in the development of Goodpasture syndrome may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. However, we don't known what causes the antibodies to form. Recent studies suggest that infections viral or bacterial may play a role through molecular mimicry. Other factors that may possibly be linked with initiation of disease include behavioral and social factors. An example of such possibly associated factors are: smoking, using cocaine, being exposed to solvents such as formaldehyde and hydrocarbons.[1]
[2]
Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.[3] This allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.[4] It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a viral or bacterial infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the influenza virus may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hellmark T, Segelmark M (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM)". J Autoimmun. 48-49: 108–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024. PMID 24456936.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA (1992). "The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome)". Am J Ind Med. 21 (2): 141–53. PMID 1536151.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, Jia XY, Zhang Y, Zhao MH (2009). "Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity". Kidney Int. 76 (10): 1108–15. doi:10.1038/ki.2009.348. PMID 19741587.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Couser WG (2016). "Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis-an update". J Bras Nefrol. 38 (1): 107–22. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20160016. PMID 27049372.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wilson CB, Dixon FJ (1973). "Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis". Kidney Int. 3 (2): 74–89. PMID 4571918.