Aplastic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:29, 20 August 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

The cause of the damage can be acquired or inherited. Acquired aplastic anemia is more common, and sometimes it's only temporary. Inherited aplastic anemia is rare. More than half of the cases of aplastic anemia are idiopathic. Chemicals, drugs, viral infections, collagen vascular diseases, and thymoma can be implicated as the causative factor in the other cases. Some research suggests that stem cell damage may occur because the body's immune system attacks its own cells by mistake.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source]

There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.

Common Causes

Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:^[1]

Idiopathic
Infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride.
Radiation
chemotherapy
Toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Metastasis

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:^[1]

Genetic Causes

Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Thymoma
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Fanconi anemia Shwachman-Diamond syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.

[Young2002-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.

[1]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Causes==
-===Acquired Causes===
-Many diseases, conditions, and factors can cause aplastic anemia, including:
-* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]].
-* Radiation and chemotherapy
-* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (an antibiotic rarely used in the United States, [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
-* Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
-* [[Collagen vascular disease]]
-* [[Thymoma]]
-* Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].
-* [[Pregnancy]] (aplastic anemia that occurs during pregnancy often goes away after delivery.)
-* Metastaic involvement of bone marrow
-===Inherited Causes===
-Certain inherited conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia. Examples include:
-* [[Fanconi anemia]]
-* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
-* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
-* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
-===Drugs Associated===
-* [[Ceftazidime]]
-* [[Cefaclor]]
-* [[Cefaclor]]
-* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
-* [[Chlorpropamide]]
-* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
-* [[Dactinomycin]]
-* [[Dapsone]]
-* [[Eltrombopag]]
-* [[Felbamate]]
-* [[Flurbiprofen]]
-* [[Flucytosine]]
-* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
-* [[Isoniazid]]
-* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
-* [[Meprobamate]]
-* [[Nilutamide]]
-* [[Oxaprozin]]
-* [[Penicillamine]]
-* [[Probenecid]]
-* [[Tolbutamide]]
-* [[Tolazamide]]
-* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
-* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
-* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)]]
-* [[Sulfasalazine]]
-* [[Sulfacetamide]]
-===Other Causes===
-* Exposure to [[toxin]]s
-* [[Radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]]
-* Have certain infectious diseases, [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or inherited conditions
 === Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source] ===
-* Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
+* There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.
-* Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
-* [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
 === Common Causes ===
@@ Line 68: / Line 13: @@
 * Idiopathic
 * Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
-* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (an antibiotic rarely used in the United States, [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
+* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
-* [[Radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]]
+* [[Radiation]]
+* [[chemotherapy]]
 * Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
-=== Less Common Causes[edit | edit source] ===
+* Metastasis
-Less common causes of [disease name] include:<ref name="Young2002" />
+=== Less Common Causes ===
-* Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].
+Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:<ref name="Young2002" />
-* [Cause2]
+* [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]]
-* [Cause3]
+* R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]].
-=== Genetic Causes[edit | edit source] ===
+* Pregnancy
-* [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
+* [[Thymoma]]
+* [[Collagen vascular disease]]
+=== Genetic Causes ===
+Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
 ===Causes by Organ System===
@@ Line 99: / Line 54: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 107: / Line 62: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Thymoma]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 119: / Line 74: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Fanconi anemia]]
+[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 131: / Line 90: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 159: / Line 118: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 175: / Line 134: @@
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[SLE]], R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]]
 |-
 |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 195: / Line 154: @@
 |}
-=== Causes in Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source] ===
+=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
-List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
-* Cause 1
+* [[Autoimmune diseases]]
-* Cause 2
+* [[Albendazole]]
-* Cause 3
+* [[Arsenic]]
-* Cause 4
+* [[Benzene]]
+* [[Ceftazidime]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
+* [[Chlorpropamide]]
+* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
+* [[Dactinomycin]]
+* [[Dapsone]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
+* [[Eltrombopag]]
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* [[Felbamate]]
+* [[Flurbiprofen]]
+* [[Flucytosine]]
+* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
+* [[Isoniazid]]
+* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
+* [[Meprobamate]]
+* [[Nilutamide]]
+* [[Oxaprozin]]
+* [[Penicillamine]]
+* [[Probenecid]]
+* [[pesticides]]
+* [[Tolbutamide]]
+* [[Tolazamide]]
+* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
+* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
+* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)|Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim]]
+* [[Sulfasalazine]]
+* [[Sulfacetamide]]
+* [[Thymoma]]
 ==References==