Endocarditis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of cases of infective endocarditis are due to bacteria. Common causes of infective endocarditis include ''[[Streptococcus viridans]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococci]]'', and ''[[Enterococcus]]''. | The majority of cases of infective endocarditis are due to bacteria. Common causes of infective endocarditis include ''[[Streptococcus viridans]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococci]]'', and ''[[Enterococcus]]''. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]<ref name="abc" /><ref name="Murdoch">{{cite journal|last=Murdoch|first=DR|title=Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|date=9 March 2009|volume=169|issue=5|pages=463–73|pmid=19273776|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603|pmc=3625651|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1445-1433.2001.02231.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=ans|title=Clostridium septicum and malignancy |author=Simon S. B. Chew, David Z. Lubowski|date=2001|source=ANZ Journal of Surgery 71 (11), 647–649}}</ref><ref>http://wordnet.com.au/Products/topics_in_infectious_diseases_Aug01.htm Topics in Infectious Diseases Newsletter, August 2001, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</ref> | *[[Staphylococcus aureus]]<ref name="abc"> Infective endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditis#Pathogenesis Accessed on September 21, 2015</ref><ref name="Murdoch">{{cite journal|last=Murdoch|first=DR|title=Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|date=9 March 2009|volume=169|issue=5|pages=463–73|pmid=19273776|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603|pmc=3625651|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1445-1433.2001.02231.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=ans|title=Clostridium septicum and malignancy |author=Simon S. B. Chew, David Z. Lubowski|date=2001|source=ANZ Journal of Surgery 71 (11), 647–649}}</ref><ref>http://wordnet.com.au/Products/topics_in_infectious_diseases_Aug01.htm Topics in Infectious Diseases Newsletter, August 2001, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</ref> | ||
*[[Streptococcus viridans]] | *[[Streptococcus viridans]] | ||
*[[Coagulase]] negative [[Staphylococci]] | *[[Coagulase]] negative [[Staphylococci]] | ||
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! Epidemiological features || Common Microorganism(s) | ! Epidemiological features || Common Microorganism(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Injection drug use'''</center> | |||
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*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*Oxacillin-resistant strains | *Oxacillin-resistant strains | ||
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:*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | :*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Indwelling cardiovascular medical devices'''</center> | |||
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*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
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*[[Corynebacterium]] sp | *[[Corynebacterium]] sp | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Genitourinary disorders'''</center> | |||
<center>'''Genitourinary infection'''</center> | <center>'''Genitourinary infection'''</center> | ||
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*[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | *[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Chronic skin disorders''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Poor dental health, dental procedures''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Viridans group streptococci | *Viridans group streptococci | ||
*“Nutritionally variant streptococci” | *“Nutritionally variant streptococci” | ||
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*[[HACEK organism]]s | *[[HACEK organism]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Alcoholism, cirrhosis''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
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*[[Aeromonas hydrophila|Aeromonas sp]] | *[[Aeromonas hydrophila|Aeromonas sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Burn patients''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including | *Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including | ||
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*[[Fungi]] | *[[Fungi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Diabetes mellitus''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | *[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Early ( < 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
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*[[Legionella|Legionella sp]] | *[[Legionella|Legionella sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Late ( > 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci | *Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
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*[[Corynebacterium]] sp | *[[Corynebacterium]] sp | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Dog–cat exposure''' </center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | *[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | ||
*[[Pasteurella multocida|Pasteurella sp]] | *[[Pasteurella multocida|Pasteurella sp]] | ||
*[[Capnocytophaga|Capnocytophaga sp]] | *[[Capnocytophaga|Capnocytophaga sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Contact with contaminated milk'''</center> | |||
<center>'''Contact with infected farm animals'''</center> | <center>'''Contact with infected farm animals'''</center> | ||
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*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|Erysipelothrix sp]] | *[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|Erysipelothrix sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Homeless, body lice'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | *[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''AIDS'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp]] | *[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp]] | ||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Pneumonia, meningitis'''</center> | |||
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*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | *[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Solid organ transplant'''</center> | |||
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*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] | ||
*[[Aspergillus|Aspergillus fumigatus]] | *[[Aspergillus|Aspergillus fumigatus]] | ||
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*[[Candida albicans|Candida sp]] | *[[Candida albicans|Candida sp]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<center>'''Gastrointestinal lesions'''</center> | |||
| | |||
*[[Streptococcus bovis|S bovis]] | *[[Streptococcus bovis|S bovis]] | ||
*[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]] | *[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]] |
Revision as of 21:11, 3 March 2020
Endocarditis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease |
Case Studies |
Endocarditis causes On the Web |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]
Overview
The majority of cases of infective endocarditis are due to bacteria. Common causes of infective endocarditis include Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococci, and Enterococcus.
Causes
Common Causes
- Staphylococcus aureus[1][2][3][4]
- Streptococcus viridans
- Coagulase negative Staphylococci
- Candida albicans
- Clostridium septicum
- Enterococcus
- HACEK organisms
- Pseudomonas
- Streptococcus bovis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Causes by Organ System
Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis[5]
Epidemiological features | Common Microorganism(s) |
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References
- ↑ Infective endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditis#Pathogenesis Accessed on September 21, 2015
- ↑ Murdoch, DR; et al. (9 March 2009). "Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study". Archives of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 463–73. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603. PMC 3625651. PMID 19273776.
- ↑ Simon S. B. Chew, David Z. Lubowski (2001). "Clostridium septicum and malignancy". Unknown parameter
|source=
ignored (help) - ↑ http://wordnet.com.au/Products/topics_in_infectious_diseases_Aug01.htm Topics in Infectious Diseases Newsletter, August 2001, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- ↑ Baddour, LM.; Wilson, WR.; Bayer, AS.; Fowler, VG.; Bolger, AF.; Levison, ME.; Ferrieri, P.; Gerber, MA.; Tani, LY. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)