Milk-alkali syndrome laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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<s>Levels of [[serum]] [[calcium]] must be obtained, but a full workup must include total/ionized [[calcium]], [[human serum albumin|albumin]], [[phosphate]], [[PTH]], [[PTHrP]], [[vitamin D]] and [[TSH]]. In addition, evaluation of [[hypercalcemia]] must include an [[ECG]], which may show a short QT interval.</s> | <s>Levels of [[serum]] [[calcium]] must be obtained, but a full workup must include total/ionized [[calcium]], [[human serum albumin|albumin]], [[phosphate]], [[PTH]], [[PTHrP]], [[vitamin D]] and [[TSH]]. In addition, evaluation of [[hypercalcemia]] must include an [[ECG]], which may show a short QT interval.</s> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The following laboratory findings are usually seen in milk-alkali syndrome: [[hypercalcemia]], [[metabolic alkalosis]], variable degrees of [[renal insufficiency]], low or normal [[phosphorus]], low [[Vitamin D]], and low [[Parathyroid hormone|PTH]]. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
Levels of serum calcium must be obtained, but a full workup must include total/ionized calcium, albumin, phosphate, PTH, PTHrP, vitamin D and TSH. In addition, evaluation of hypercalcemia must include an ECG, which may show a short QT interval.
Overview
The following laboratory findings are usually seen in milk-alkali syndrome: hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, variable degrees of renal insufficiency, low or normal phosphorus, low Vitamin D, and low PTH.
Laboratory Findings
- The following laboratory findings are seen in milk-alkali syndrome:[1][2][3][4]
- Hypercalcemia
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Increase in bicarbonate and alkalotic pH
- Variable degrees of renal insufficiency
- Phosphorus may be normal or low
- Phosphorus levels used to be high in the classic milk-alkali syndrome due to the high phosphorus load from cream and milk consumption and renal insufficiency
- Vitamin D is usually low
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is usually low
- PTH should be checked in order to rule out primary hyperparathyroidism.
References
- ↑ Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH (2006). "Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome". Am J Med Sci. 331 (5): 233–42. doi:10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001. PMID 16702792.
- ↑ Medarov BI (2009). "Milk-alkali syndrome". Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.
- ↑ Kapsner P, Langsdorf L, Marcus R, Kraemer FB, Hoffman AR (1986). "Milk-alkali syndrome in patients treated with calcium carbonate after cardiac transplantation". Arch Intern Med. 146 (10): 1965–8. PMID 3532984.
- ↑ Arroyo M, Fenves AZ, Emmett M (2013). "The calcium-alkali syndrome". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 26 (2): 179–81. doi:10.1080/08998280.2013.11928954. PMC 3603742. PMID 23543983.