Milk-alkali syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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== Medical Therapy == | == Medical Therapy == | ||
* Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome is mostly supportive, and with early [[diagnosis]] and therapy, renal function may return to normal.<ref name="pmid16702792">{{cite journal| author=Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH| title=Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 331 | issue= 5 | pages= 233-42 | pmid=16702792 | doi=10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16702792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19252114">{{cite journal| author=Medarov BI| title=Milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2009 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 261-7 | pmid=19252114 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0 | pmc=2664604 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19252114 }} </ref> | * Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome is mostly supportive, and with early [[diagnosis]] and therapy, renal function may return to normal.<ref name="pmid16702792">{{cite journal| author=Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH| title=Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 331 | issue= 5 | pages= 233-42 | pmid=16702792 | doi=10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16702792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19252114">{{cite journal| author=Medarov BI| title=Milk-alkali syndrome. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2009 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 261-7 | pmid=19252114 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0 | pmc=2664604 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19252114 }} </ref> | ||
* The main treatment of milk-alkali syndrome includes: | * The main treatment of milk-alkali syndrome includes: | ||
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** Hydration and [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] volume expansion. | ** Hydration and [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] volume expansion. | ||
* The above treatments usually resolve the symptoms and abnormalities in milk-alkali syndrome ([[hypercalcemia]], [[alkalosis]] and [[renal insufficiency]]). | * The above treatments usually resolve the symptoms and abnormalities in milk-alkali syndrome ([[hypercalcemia]], [[alkalosis]] and [[renal insufficiency]]).<ref name="pmid16702792" /><ref name="pmid19252114" /> | ||
* Additional treatments that may be required include: | * Additional treatments that may be required include:<ref name="pmid16702792" /><ref name="pmid19252114" /> | ||
** [[Calcium]] supplements may be needed since during therapy temporary [[hypocalcemia]] may occur. | **[[Calcium]] supplements may be needed since during therapy temporary [[hypocalcemia]] may occur. | ||
** In [[Hypercalcemia|hypercalcemic]] crisis, treatment with [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[furosemide]], pamindronate, and [[hydrocortisone]] have been reported to decrease [[calcium]]. | ** In [[Hypercalcemia|hypercalcemic]] crisis, treatment with [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[furosemide]], pamindronate, and [[hydrocortisone]] have been reported to decrease [[calcium]]. | ||
=== Renal replacement with dialysis === | === Renal replacement with dialysis === | ||
Acute or chronic [[Irreversibility|irreversible]] [[renal insufficiency]] may require [[Renal replacement therapy|renal replacement]] with [[dialysis]]. | Acute or chronic [[Irreversibility|irreversible]] [[renal insufficiency]] may require [[Renal replacement therapy|renal replacement]] with [[dialysis]].<ref name="pmid16702792" /><ref name="pmid19252114" /><br /> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 10:11, 14 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome is mostly supportive and mainly includes withdrawal of the offending agent, hydration and intravenous volume expansion. However, other treatments such as therapy with calcium supplements (in temporary hypocalcemia) and hemodialysis (in acute or chronic irreversible renal insufficiency) may be required.
Medical Therapy
- Treatment of milk-alkali syndrome is mostly supportive, and with early diagnosis and therapy, renal function may return to normal.[1][2]
- The main treatment of milk-alkali syndrome includes:
- Withdrawal of the offending agent.
- Hydration and intravenous volume expansion.
- The above treatments usually resolve the symptoms and abnormalities in milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, alkalosis and renal insufficiency).[1][2]
- Additional treatments that may be required include:[1][2]
- Calcium supplements may be needed since during therapy temporary hypocalcemia may occur.
- In hypercalcemic crisis, treatment with intravenous furosemide, pamindronate, and hydrocortisone have been reported to decrease calcium.
Renal replacement with dialysis
Acute or chronic irreversible renal insufficiency may require renal replacement with dialysis.[1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH (2006). "Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome". Am J Med Sci. 331 (5): 233–42. doi:10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001. PMID 16702792.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Medarov BI (2009). "Milk-alkali syndrome". Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.