Milk-alkali syndrome electrocardiogram: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | {{Milk-alkali syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SHA}} | |||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
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== Electrocardiogram == | == Electrocardiogram == | ||
Milk-alkali syndrome causes [[hypercalcemia]] and [[hypercalcemia]] may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG): | Milk-alkali syndrome causes [[hypercalcemia]] and [[hypercalcemia]] may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG):<ref name="pmid19435131">{{cite journal| author=Wesson LC, Suresh V, Parry RG| title=Severe hypercalcaemia mimicking acute myocardial infarction. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2009 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 186-7 | pmid=19435131 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.9-2-186 | pmc=4952678 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19435131 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2899466">{{cite journal| author=Ahmed R, Hashiba K| title=Reliability of QT intervals as indicators of clinical hypercalcemia. | journal=Clin Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 395-400 | pmid=2899466 | doi=10.1002/clc.4960110607 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2899466 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25574349">{{cite journal| author=Schutt RC, Bibawy J, Elnemr M, Lehnert AL, Putney D, Thomas AS | display-authors=etal| title=Case report: Severe hypercalcemia mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. | journal=Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J | year= 2014 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 193-7 | pmid=25574349 | doi=10.14797/mdcj-10-3-193 | pmc=4280246 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25574349 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11093425">{{cite journal| author=Otero J, Lenihan DJ| title=The "normothermic" Osborn wave induced by severe hypercalcemia. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2000 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-7 | pmid=11093425 | doi= | pmc=101092 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11093425 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15209475">{{cite journal| author=Kiewiet RM, Ponssen HH, Janssens EN, Fels PW| title=Ventricular fibrillation in hypercalcaemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 62 | issue= 3 | pages= 94-6 | pmid=15209475 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15209475 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27867906">{{cite journal| author=Kelwade JV, Modi KD, Kumar N, Parekh H| title=Hypercalcemia and electrocardiogram changes. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 6 | pages= 892-893 | pmid=27867906 | doi=10.4103/2230-8210.192900 | pmc=5105587 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27867906 }} </ref> | ||
*Shortened [[QT interval]] (the most common finding) | *Shortened [[QT interval]] (the most common finding) | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Milk-alkali syndrome causes hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG): shortened QT interval (the most common finding), shortened ST segment, PR prolongation, increased amplitude of QRS complex, decreased amplitude of T wave, T wave notching, transient ST segment elevation, bradycardia, sinus arrest, and ventricular arrhythmias.
Electrocardiogram
Milk-alkali syndrome causes hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG):[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Shortened QT interval (the most common finding)
- Shortened ST segment
- PR prolongation
- Increased amplitude of QRS complex
- Decreased amplitude of T wave
- T wave notching
- Elevation of J point
- Transient ST segment elevation
- Osborn wave
- Bradycardia, sinus arrest, and premature ectopic beats
- Ventricular arrhythmias
References
- ↑ Wesson LC, Suresh V, Parry RG (2009). "Severe hypercalcaemia mimicking acute myocardial infarction". Clin Med (Lond). 9 (2): 186–7. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-2-186. PMC 4952678. PMID 19435131.
- ↑ Ahmed R, Hashiba K (1988). "Reliability of QT intervals as indicators of clinical hypercalcemia". Clin Cardiol. 11 (6): 395–400. doi:10.1002/clc.4960110607. PMID 2899466.
- ↑ Schutt RC, Bibawy J, Elnemr M, Lehnert AL, Putney D, Thomas AS; et al. (2014). "Case report: Severe hypercalcemia mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction". Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 10 (3): 193–7. doi:10.14797/mdcj-10-3-193. PMC 4280246. PMID 25574349.
- ↑ Otero J, Lenihan DJ (2000). "The "normothermic" Osborn wave induced by severe hypercalcemia". Tex Heart Inst J. 27 (3): 316–7. PMC 101092. PMID 11093425.
- ↑ Kiewiet RM, Ponssen HH, Janssens EN, Fels PW (2004). "Ventricular fibrillation in hypercalcaemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism". Neth J Med. 62 (3): 94–6. PMID 15209475.
- ↑ Kelwade JV, Modi KD, Kumar N, Parekh H (2016). "Hypercalcemia and electrocardiogram changes". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 20 (6): 892–893. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.192900. PMC 5105587. PMID 27867906.