GRIN2C: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GRIN2C'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9480759">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalsi G, Whiting P, Bourdelles BL, Callen D, Barnard EA, Gurling H | title = Localization of the human NMDAR2D receptor subunit gene (GRIN2D) to 19q13.1-qter, the NMDAR2A subunit gene to 16p13.2 (GRIN2A), and the NMDAR2C subunit gene (GRIN2C) to 17q24-q25 using somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid mapping panels | journal = Genomics | volume = 47 | issue = 3 | pages = 423–5  | date = Apr 1998 | pmid = 9480759 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.5132 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRIN2C glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2905| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C
| HGNCid = 4587
| Symbol = GRIN2C
| AltSymbols =; NMDAR2C; NR2C
| OMIM = 138254
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 647
| MGIid = 95822
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GRIN2C_210400_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004970 |text = ionotropic glutamate receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004972 |text = N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005216 |text = ion channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005234 |text = extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007215 |text = glutamate signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048167 |text = regulation of synaptic plasticity}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2905
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000161509
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000826
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000835
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 70349757
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 70367602
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q14957
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14813
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020734
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010350
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034480
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 115065259
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 115083333
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q01098
  }}
}}
'''Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C''', also known as '''GRIN2C''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRIN2C glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2905| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors.  NMDA channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning.  NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 ([[GRIN1]]) and 1 or more of the 4 NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A ([[GRIN2A]]), NMDAR2B ([[GRIN2B]]), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D ([[GRIN2D]]).<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors.  NMDA channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning.  NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 (GRIN1) and 1 or more of the 4 NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A (GRIN2A), NMDAR2B (GRIN2B), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D (GRIN2D).<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRIN2C glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2905| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
== Interactions ==
 
GRIN2C has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[DLG4]]<ref name=pmid11937501>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lim IA, Hall DD, Hell JW | title = Selectivity and promiscuity of the first and second PDZ domains of PSD-95 and synapse-associated protein 102 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 24 | pages = 21697–711  | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11937501 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M112339200 }}</ref> and [[DLG3]].<ref name=pmid11937501/>
 
== See also ==
* [[Glutamate receptor]]
* [[Glutamate receptor]]
* [[NMDA receptor]]
* [[NMDA receptor]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, Ushijima H, Müller WE | title = Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death | journal = Neurotoxicology | volume = 19 | issue = 4-5 | pages = 683–8 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9745929 | doi =  }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW | title = HIV tat and neurotoxicity | journal = Microbes Infect. | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 1347–57 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16697675 | doi = 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.014 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death. |journal=Neurotoxicology |volume=19 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 683-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9745929 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Monyer H, Sprengel R, Schoepfer R, Herb A, Higuchi M, Lomeli H, Burnashev N, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH | title = Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes | journal = Science | volume = 256 | issue = 5060 | pages = 1217–21 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1350383 | doi = 10.1126/science.256.5060.1217 }}
*{{cite journal | author=King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW |title=HIV tat and neurotoxicity. |journal=Microbes Infect. |volume=8 |issue= 5 |pages= 1347-57 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16697675 |doi= 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.014 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kornau HC, Schenker LT, Kennedy MB, Seeburg PH | title = Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 | journal = Science | volume = 269 | issue = 5231 | pages = 1737–40 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7569905 | doi = 10.1126/science.7569905 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Monyer H, Sprengel R, Schoepfer R, ''et al.'' |title=Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes. |journal=Science |volume=256 |issue= 5060 |pages= 1217-21 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1350383 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Magnuson DS, Knudsen BE, Geiger JD, Brownstone RM, Nath A | title = Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat activates non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptors and causes neurotoxicity | journal = Ann. Neurol. | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 373–80 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7695237 | doi = 10.1002/ana.410370314 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kornau HC, Schenker LT, Kennedy MB, Seeburg PH |title=Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. |journal=Science |volume=269 |issue= 5231 |pages= 1737-40 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7569905 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Takano H, Onodera O, Tanaka H, Mori H, Sakimura K, Hori T, Kobayashi H, Mishina M, Tsuji S | title = Chromosomal localization of the epsilon 1, epsilon 3 and zeta 1 subunit genes of the human NMDA receptor channel | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 197 | issue = 2 | pages = 922–6 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8267632 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2567 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Magnuson DS, Knudsen BE, Geiger JD, ''et al.'' |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat activates non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptors and causes neurotoxicity. |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=37 |issue= 3 |pages= 373-80 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7695237 |doi= 10.1002/ana.410370314 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lannuzel A, Lledo PM, Lamghitnia HO, Vincent JD, Tardieu M | title = HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120 and gp160 potentiate NMDA-induced [Ca2+]i increase, alter [Ca2+]i homeostasis and induce neurotoxicity in human embryonic neurons | journal = Eur. J. Neurosci. | volume = 7 | issue = 11 | pages = 2285–93 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8563977 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00649.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takano H, Onodera O, Tanaka H, ''et al.'' |title=Chromosomal localization of the epsilon 1, epsilon 3 and zeta 1 subunit genes of the human NMDA receptor channel. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=197 |issue= 2 |pages= 922-6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8267632 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Corasaniti MT, Melino G, Navarra M, Garaci E, Finazzi-Agrò A, Nisticò G | title = Death of cultured human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase | journal = Neurodegeneration | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–21 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8581564 | doi = 10.1016/1055-8330(95)90021-7 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lannuzel A, Lledo PM, Lamghitnia HO, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120 and gp160 potentiate NMDA-induced [Ca2+]i increase, alter [Ca2+]i homeostasis and induce neurotoxicity in human embryonic neurons. |journal=Eur. J. Neurosci. |volume=7 |issue= 11 |pages= 2285-93 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8563977 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pittaluga A, Pattarini R, Severi P, Raiteri M | title = Human brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors regulating noradrenaline release are positively modulated by HIV-1 coat protein gp120 | journal = AIDS | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 463–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8724036 | doi = 10.1097/00002030-199605000-00003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Corasaniti MT, Melino G, Navarra M, ''et al.'' |title=Death of cultured human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase. |journal=Neurodegeneration : a journal for neurodegenerative disorders, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration |volume=4 |issue= 3 |pages= 315-21 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8581564 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu P, Price P, Du B, Hatch WC, Terwilliger EF | title = Direct cytotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 on human NT neurons | journal = NeuroReport | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 1045–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8804048 | doi = 10.1097/00001756-199604100-00018 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pittaluga A, Pattarini R, Severi P, Raiteri M |title=Human brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors regulating noradrenaline release are positively modulated by HIV-1 coat protein gp120. |journal=AIDS |volume=10 |issue= 5 |pages= 463-8 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8724036 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bennett BA, Rusyniak DE, Hollingsworth CK | title = HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity to midbrain dopamine cultures | journal = Brain Res. | volume = 705 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 168–76 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8821747 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01166-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wu P, Price P, Du B, ''et al.'' |title=Direct cytotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 on human NT neurons. |journal=Neuroreport |volume=7 |issue= 5 |pages= 1045-9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8804048 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Toggas SM, Masliah E, Mucke L | title = Prevention of HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal damage in the central nervous system of transgenic mice by the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine | journal = Brain Res. | volume = 706 | issue = 2 | pages = 303–7 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8822372 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01197-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bennett BA, Rusyniak DE, Hollingsworth CK |title=HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity to midbrain dopamine cultures. |journal=Brain Res. |volume=705 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 168-76 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8821747 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dreyer EB, Lipton SA | title = The coat protein gp120 of HIV-1 inhibits astrocyte uptake of excitatory amino acids via macrophage arachidonic acid | journal = Eur. J. Neurosci. | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = 2502–7 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8845955 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01048.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Toggas SM, Masliah E, Mucke L |title=Prevention of HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal damage in the central nervous system of transgenic mice by the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. |journal=Brain Res. |volume=706 |issue= 2 |pages= 303-7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8822372 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Raber J, Toggas SM, Lee S, Bloom FE, Epstein CJ, Mucke L | title = Central nervous system expression of HIV-1 Gp120 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: evidence for involvement of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide synthase | journal = Virology | volume = 226 | issue = 2 | pages = 362–73 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8955056 | doi = 10.1006/viro.1996.0664 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dreyer EB, Lipton SA |title=The coat protein gp120 of HIV-1 inhibits astrocyte uptake of excitatory amino acids via macrophage arachidonic acid. |journal=Eur. J. Neurosci. |volume=7 |issue= 12 |pages= 2502-7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8845955 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin YJ, Bovetto S, Carver JM, Giordano T | title = Cloning of the cDNA for the human NMDA receptor NR2C subunit and its expression in the central nervous system and periphery | journal = Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. | volume = 43 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 57–64 | year = 1996 | pmid = 9037519 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00146-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Raber J, Toggas SM, Lee S, ''et al.'' |title=Central nervous system expression of HIV-1 Gp120 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: evidence for involvement of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide synthase. |journal=Virology |volume=226 |issue= 2 |pages= 362-73 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8955056 |doi= 10.1006/viro.1996.0664 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kurschner C, Mermelstein PG, Holden WT, Surmeier DJ | title = CIPP, a novel multivalent PDZ domain protein, selectively interacts with Kir4.0 family members, NMDA receptor subunits, neurexins, and neuroligins | journal = Mol. Cell. Neurosci. | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 161–72 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9647694 | doi = 10.1006/mcne.1998.0679 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lin YJ, Bovetto S, Carver JM, Giordano T |title=Cloning of the cDNA for the human NMDA receptor NR2C subunit and its expression in the central nervous system and periphery. |journal=Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. |volume=43 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 57-64 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9037519 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = New DR, Maggirwar SB, Epstein LG, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA | title = HIV-1 Tat induces neuronal death via tumor necrosis factor-alpha and activation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by a NFkappaB-independent mechanism | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 28 | pages = 17852–8 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9651389 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17852 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kalsi G, Whiting P, Bourdelles BL, ''et al.'' |title=Localization of the human NMDAR2D receptor subunit gene (GRIN2D) to 19q13.1-qter, the NMDAR2A subunit gene to 16p13.2 (GRIN2A), and the NMDAR2C subunit gene (GRIN2C) to 17q24-q25 using somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid mapping panels. |journal=Genomics |volume=47 |issue= 3 |pages= 423-5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9480759 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.5132 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Daggett LP, Johnson EC, Varney MA, Lin FF, Hess SD, Deal CR, Jachec C, Lu CC, Kerner JA, Landwehrmeyer GB, Standaert DG, Young AB, Harpold MM, Veliçelebi G | title = The human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2C subunit: genomic analysis, distribution in human brain, and functional expression | journal = J. Neurochem. | volume = 71 | issue = 5 | pages = 1953–68 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9798920 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71051953.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kurschner C, Mermelstein PG, Holden WT, Surmeier DJ |title=CIPP, a novel multivalent PDZ domain protein, selectively interacts with Kir4.0 family members, NMDA receptor subunits, neurexins, and neuroligins. |journal=Mol. Cell. Neurosci. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 161-72 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9647694 |doi= 10.1006/mcne.1998.0679 }}
*{{cite journal | author=New DR, Maggirwar SB, Epstein LG, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 Tat induces neuronal death via tumor necrosis factor-alpha and activation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by a NFkappaB-independent mechanism. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 28 |pages= 17852-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9651389 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Daggett LP, Johnson EC, Varney MA, ''et al.'' |title=The human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2C subunit: genomic analysis, distribution in human brain, and functional expression. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=71 |issue= 5 |pages= 1953-68 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9798920 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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* {{MeshName|GRIN2C+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|GRIN2C+protein,+human}}


{{membrane-protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Ligand-gated ion channels}}
{{Ligand-gated ion channels}}
[[Category:Ion channels]]
 
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{membrane-protein-stub}}
 
[[Category:Ionotropic glutamate receptors]]

Revision as of 02:09, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2C gene.[1][2]

Function

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors. NMDA channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 (GRIN1) and 1 or more of the 4 NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A (GRIN2A), NMDAR2B (GRIN2B), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D (GRIN2D).[2]

Interactions

GRIN2C has been shown to interact with DLG4[3] and DLG3.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kalsi G, Whiting P, Bourdelles BL, Callen D, Barnard EA, Gurling H (Apr 1998). "Localization of the human NMDAR2D receptor subunit gene (GRIN2D) to 19q13.1-qter, the NMDAR2A subunit gene to 16p13.2 (GRIN2A), and the NMDAR2C subunit gene (GRIN2C) to 17q24-q25 using somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid mapping panels". Genomics. 47 (3): 423–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5132. PMID 9480759.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: GRIN2C glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lim IA, Hall DD, Hell JW (Jun 2002). "Selectivity and promiscuity of the first and second PDZ domains of PSD-95 and synapse-associated protein 102". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (24): 21697–711. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112339200. PMID 11937501.

Further reading

  • Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, Ushijima H, Müller WE (1998). "Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death". Neurotoxicology. 19 (4–5): 683–8. PMID 9745929.
  • King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW (2006). "HIV tat and neurotoxicity". Microbes Infect. 8 (5): 1347–57. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.014. PMID 16697675.
  • Monyer H, Sprengel R, Schoepfer R, Herb A, Higuchi M, Lomeli H, Burnashev N, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH (1992). "Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes". Science. 256 (5060): 1217–21. doi:10.1126/science.256.5060.1217. PMID 1350383.
  • Kornau HC, Schenker LT, Kennedy MB, Seeburg PH (1995). "Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95". Science. 269 (5231): 1737–40. doi:10.1126/science.7569905. PMID 7569905.
  • Magnuson DS, Knudsen BE, Geiger JD, Brownstone RM, Nath A (1995). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat activates non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptors and causes neurotoxicity". Ann. Neurol. 37 (3): 373–80. doi:10.1002/ana.410370314. PMID 7695237.
  • Takano H, Onodera O, Tanaka H, Mori H, Sakimura K, Hori T, Kobayashi H, Mishina M, Tsuji S (1993). "Chromosomal localization of the epsilon 1, epsilon 3 and zeta 1 subunit genes of the human NMDA receptor channel". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (2): 922–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2567. PMID 8267632.
  • Lannuzel A, Lledo PM, Lamghitnia HO, Vincent JD, Tardieu M (1995). "HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120 and gp160 potentiate NMDA-induced [Ca2+]i increase, alter [Ca2+]i homeostasis and induce neurotoxicity in human embryonic neurons". Eur. J. Neurosci. 7 (11): 2285–93. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00649.x. PMID 8563977.
  • Corasaniti MT, Melino G, Navarra M, Garaci E, Finazzi-Agrò A, Nisticò G (1995). "Death of cultured human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase". Neurodegeneration. 4 (3): 315–21. doi:10.1016/1055-8330(95)90021-7. PMID 8581564.
  • Pittaluga A, Pattarini R, Severi P, Raiteri M (1996). "Human brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors regulating noradrenaline release are positively modulated by HIV-1 coat protein gp120". AIDS. 10 (5): 463–8. doi:10.1097/00002030-199605000-00003. PMID 8724036.
  • Wu P, Price P, Du B, Hatch WC, Terwilliger EF (1996). "Direct cytotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 on human NT neurons". NeuroReport. 7 (5): 1045–9. doi:10.1097/00001756-199604100-00018. PMID 8804048.
  • Bennett BA, Rusyniak DE, Hollingsworth CK (1995). "HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity to midbrain dopamine cultures". Brain Res. 705 (1–2): 168–76. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01166-8. PMID 8821747.
  • Toggas SM, Masliah E, Mucke L (1996). "Prevention of HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal damage in the central nervous system of transgenic mice by the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine". Brain Res. 706 (2): 303–7. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01197-8. PMID 8822372.
  • Dreyer EB, Lipton SA (1995). "The coat protein gp120 of HIV-1 inhibits astrocyte uptake of excitatory amino acids via macrophage arachidonic acid". Eur. J. Neurosci. 7 (12): 2502–7. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01048.x. PMID 8845955.
  • Raber J, Toggas SM, Lee S, Bloom FE, Epstein CJ, Mucke L (1996). "Central nervous system expression of HIV-1 Gp120 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: evidence for involvement of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide synthase". Virology. 226 (2): 362–73. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0664. PMID 8955056.
  • Lin YJ, Bovetto S, Carver JM, Giordano T (1996). "Cloning of the cDNA for the human NMDA receptor NR2C subunit and its expression in the central nervous system and periphery". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 43 (1–2): 57–64. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00146-5. PMID 9037519.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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