Cardiomyopathy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

• Alcoholism

• Amyloidosis

• Anthracyclines

• Beri-Beri (thiamine or vitamin B1)

• Chagas disease

• Cocaine abuse

• Coxsackie virus

• Cushing's Disease
• Chronic tachycardia

• Diabetes Mellitus

• Electrolyte imbalance

• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
• Hypothyroidism

• HIV

• Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
• Kwashiorkor

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy
• Stress cardiomyopathy

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, Cardiac transplant rejection, Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Cardiomyopathy -- renal anomalies, Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis, Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, Chronic tachycardia, Congenital heart defect, Coronary artery disease, Endomyocardial fibrosis, Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, Giant Cell Myocarditis, Inflammatory myocarditis, Kawasaki's Disease, Myocarditis, Poorly controlled hypertension, Prolonged QT syndrome, Rheumatic Fever, Loeffler endocarditis, Keshan disease, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, Myotonic dystrophy, Carcinoid heart disease
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic, Cobalt, Endothall, Ethanol, Lead, Thallium
Dermatologic	Familial cutaneous collagenoma, Lentiginosis, Dermatomyositis
Drug Side Effect	Aclarubicin, Anthracyclines, Bleomycin, Clozapine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Paracetamol, Peplomycin, Tacrolimus, Tricyclic anti-depressant abuse
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, Cushing's Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Pheochromocytoma, Pituitary tumor (growth hormone secreting), Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, Carcinoid syndrome
Environmental	Heatstroke, Hypothermia, Lightening strike
Gastroenterologic	Hemochromatosis, Hepatitis, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex, Whipple's Disease
Genetic	Alpers Syndrome, Familial cardiomyopathy, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Sarcoglycanopathy, X-linked - fatal infantile Cardiomyopathy, Friedrich's Ataxia, Brugada syndrome
Hematologic	Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bacteria: Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella, Diptheria, Enterococci , Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease, Pertussis, Psittacosis, Q Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Staphylococcus, Syphilis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Typhoid Fever, Rheumatic Fever Virus: Adenovirus, Arbovirus, Coxsackie virus A, Coxsackie virus B1-B5, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), ECHO virus (EnteroCytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Flavivirus, HIV, Influenza, Measles, Mumps,Oral candidiasis, Polio, Rabies, Varicella-zoster virus Fungi: Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis Parasites: African Sleeping sickness, Amebiasis, Ascariasis, Chagas disease, Cysticercosis, Filariasis, Leishmaniasis, Loeffler endocarditis, Malaria, Sarcosporidiosis, Schistosomiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Trichinosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Dermatomyositis, Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Limb girdle muscular dystrophy, Mitochondrial myopathy, Muscular Dystrophy, Myotonic dystrophy, Recessive type Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome
Neurologic	Friedrich's Ataxia, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Whipple's Disease, Alpers Syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, MELAS
Nutritional / Metabolic	3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4, Beri-Beri (thiamine or vitamin B1), Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, Carnitine deficiency, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency, Carnitine transporter deficiency, Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) deficiency, Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, Fabry's Disease, Gangliosidosis, Gaucher's Disease, Glutaric acidemia type 2, Glycogen storage diseases, Gout, Hunter's Syndrome, Hurler's Syndrome, Keshan disease, Kwashiorkor, Malonic aciduria, MELAS, Neimann-Pick Disease, Niacin deficiency, Oxalosis, Porphyria, Refsum's disease, scurvy, Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, Vitamin B deficiency, Vitamin D overdose , Hemochromatosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic	Angioma, Myxomas, Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting), Rhabdomyoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia, WAGR Syndrome, Carcinoid syndrome
Opthalmologic	Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Microphthalmia, syndromic 7, Myotonic dystrophy, WAGR Syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Electrolyte imbalance, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Uremia, WAGR Syndrome, MELAS
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Polyarteritis nodosa, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Kawasaki's Disease, Gout
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Cocaine abuse, Alcoholism, Amyloidosis, Electric shock, Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis, Irradiation, Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, Obesity, physically and physiologically stress induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome"), Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 4 Aclarubicin Acromegaly Adenovirus African Sleeping sickness Alcoholism Alpers Syndrome Amebiasis Amyloidosis Angioma Anthracyclines Arboviruses Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Arsenic Arterial calcification of infancy Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy Ascariasis Aspergillosis Beri-Beri (thiamine or vitamin B1) Beta-hemolytic streptococci Blastomycosis Bleomycin Borrelia burgdorferi Brucella Brugada syndrome Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a Carcinoid heart disease Carcinoid syndrome Cardiac transplant rejection Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness complex Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex Cardiomyopathy -- renal anomalies Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency Carnitine deficiency Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency Carnitine transporter deficiency Chagas disease Chronic tachycardia Clozapine Cobalt Cocaine abuse Coccidioidomycosis Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) deficiency Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency Congenital disorder of glycosylation Congenital heart defect Coronary artery disease Coxsackie virus A Coxsackie virus B1-B5 Cryptococcosis Cushing's Disease Cyclophosphamide Cysticercosis Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Dermatomyositis Diabetes Mellitus Diptheria Doxorubicin Duchenne muscular dystrophy ECHO virus (EnteroCytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses) Electric shock Electrolyte imbalance Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Endomyocardial fibrosis Endothall Enterococci Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Ethanol Fabry's Disease Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome Familial cardiomyopathy Familial cutaneous collagenoma Filariasis Flavivirus Friedrich's Ataxia Gangliosidosis Gaucher's Disease Giant Cell Myocarditis Glutaric acidemia type 2 Glycogen storage diseases Gout Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome Heatstroke Hemochromatosis Hepatitis Histoplasmosis HIV Hunter's Syndrome Hurler's Syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypothermia Hypothyroidism Idarubicin Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis Inflammatory myocarditis Influenza Irradiation Kawasaki's Disease Kearns-Sayre Syndrome Keshan disease Kwashiorkor Lead Leishmaniasis Lentiginosis Leptospirosis Leukemia Lightening strike Limb girdle muscular dystrophy Loeffler endocarditis Lyme Disease Malaria Malonic aciduria Measles MELAS Microphthalmia, syndromic 7 Mitochondrial myopathy Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency Mitoxantrone Mumps Muscular Dystrophy Myocarditis Myotonic dystrophy Myxomas Neimann-Pick Disease Niacin deficiency Noonan syndrome Obesity Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay Oral candidiasis Oxalosis Paracetamol Peplomycin Peripartum cardiomyopathy Pertussis Pheochromocytoma Physically and physiologically stress induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome") Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting) Polio Polyarteritis nodosa Polycythemic Vera Poorly controlled hypertension Porphyria Prolonged QT syndrome Psittacosis Q Fever Rabies Recessive type Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Refsum's disease Rhabdomyoma Rheumatic Fever Rheumatoid Arthritis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Sarcosporidiosis Sarcoglycanopathy Sarcoidosis Sarcomas Schistosomiasis Scleroderma Scurvy Sickle Cell Anemia Staphylococcus Syphilis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Tacrolimus Tetanus Thallium Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides Toxoplasmosis Trauma Trichinosis Tricyclic anti-depressant abuse Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency Tuberculosis Typhoid Fever Uremia Varicella-zoster virus Vitamin B deficiency Vitamin D overdose WAGR Syndrome Whipple's Disease X-linked - fatal infantile Cardiomyopathy

Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy

Phenotype	Inheritance Pattern	Chromosomal Locus	Gene	Protein	Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy	X-linked	Xp21	dystrophin	Dystrophin	Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	15q14	actin	Actin	Nemaline myopathy
		2q35	desmin	Desmin	Desmin myopathy
		5q33	δ-sarcoglycan	δ-sarcoglycan	Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		Midna	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease	Autosomal dominant	1q21	lamin A/C	Lamin A/C	Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Autosomal dominant	14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		12q23	Troponin T	Troponin T
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		11q11	myosin-binding protein C	myosin-binding protein C
		3p21	myosin essential light chain	myosin essential light chain
		3p21	myosin regulatory light chain	myosin regulatory light chain
		2p31	titin	Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome		7q3	AMPK	AMPK
		MIDINA	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	18q12	α-dystrobrevin	α-dystrobrevin	Muscular dystrophy

Table from article *"The Failing Heart". Nature. June 15, 2007