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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Avian influenza}} | | {{Avian influenza}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}, {{SK}}, Gerald Chi, M.D. |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Avian [[influenza]], commonly known as ''Bird flu'' or ''Avian influenza'', is a strain of the [[influenza virus]] which [[infection|infects]] birds. It refers to [[influenza]] caused by [[virus]]es adapted to birds.<ref name=ECDPC> "Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds"[http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:72mkmIQKbIQJ:www.ecdc.eu.int/documents/AF050930/AF3_13_Actions_taked_in_connection_with_Avian_Flu.doc+%22Avian+influenza%22+%22adapted+to+birds%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL]. </ref><ref name=influenzareport> [http://www.influenzareport.com/ir/ai.htm Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner] in ''Influenza Report 2006''</ref><ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7062/full/nature04239.html Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution] Nature magazine presents a summary of what has been discovered in the [[Influenza Genome Sequencing Project]].</ref><ref>[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/13/1374 Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans] by The Writing Committee of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 in the September 29, 2005 [[New England Journal of Medicine]]</ref><ref>[http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309095042/html The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (2005)] Full text of online book by INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES</ref><ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no10/05-0644-G1.htm] CDC has a [[phylogenetic tree]] showing the relationship between dozens of highly [[pathogenic]] varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1 and ancestral strains.</ref><ref>[http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/81/5/1293 Evolutionary characterization of the six internal genes of H5N1 human influenza A virus]</ref> Most bird flu [[virus]]es can only [[infect]] other birds. However, bird flu can pose health risks to people. The first case of a bird flu virus infecting a person directly was in Hong Kong in 1997. Since then, the bird flu virus has spread to birds in countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.
| | ==Historical Perspective== |
| | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| "Bird flu" is a phrase similar to "[[Swine flu]]", "Dog flu", "Horse flu", or "[[Human flu]]" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of [[influenza virus]]es that have adapted to a specific host. All known [[virus]]es that cause [[influenza]] in birds belong to the species: ''[[Influenzavirus A|Influenza A virus]]''. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of [[Influenza A virus]] are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus ''is'' the [[Influenza A virus]] (note that the "A" does ''not'' stand for "avian").
| | ==Classification== |
| | | ==Cause== |
| Adaption is non-exclusive. Being adapted towards a particular [[species]] does not preclude adaptions, or partial adaptions, towards [[infection|infecting]] different [[species]]. In this way strains of [[influenza virus]]es are adapted to multiple [[species]], though may be preferential towards a particular host. For example, [[virus]]es responsible for [[influenza pandemics]] are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent [[influenza]] research into the [[gene]]s of the [[Spanish Flu]] [[virus]] shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans; with more of its [[gene]]s from birds than less deadly later [[pandemic]] strains.
| | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| | ==Risk Factors== |
| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===History and Symptoms=== |
| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Occupational safety and health]] | | [[Category:Pandemics]] |
| [[Category:Bird diseases]] | | [[Category:Influenza]] |
| [[Category:Avian influenza]] | | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Animal virology]] | | [[Category:Virology]] |
| [[Category:Microbiology]] | | [[Category:Microbiology]] |
| [[Category:Poultry diseases]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]] | | [[Category:Pulmonology]] |
| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Occupational safety and health]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D., Synonyms and keywords:, Gerald Chi, M.D.
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Classification
Cause
Differential Diagnosis
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
Template:WH
Template:WS