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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Avian influenza}} | | {{Avian influenza}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}, {{SK}}, Gerald Chi, M.D. |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Avian [[influenza]], commonly known as ''Bird flu'' or ''Avian influenza'', is a strain of the [[influenza virus]] which [[infection|infects]] birds. It refers to [[influenza]] caused by [[virus]]es adapted to birds.<ref name=ECDPC> "Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds"[http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:72mkmIQKbIQJ:www.ecdc.eu.int/documents/AF050930/AF3_13_Actions_taked_in_connection_with_Avian_Flu.doc+%22Avian+influenza%22+%22adapted+to+birds%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL]. </ref><ref name=influenzareport> [http://www.influenzareport.com/ir/ai.htm Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner] in ''Influenza Report 2006''</ref><ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7062/full/nature04239.html Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution] Nature magazine presents a summary of what has been discovered in the [[Influenza Genome Sequencing Project]].</ref><ref>[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/13/1374 Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans] by The Writing Committee of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 in the September 29, 2005 [[New England Journal of Medicine]]</ref><ref>[http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309095042/html The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (2005)] Full text of online book by INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES</ref><ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no10/05-0644-G1.htm] CDC has a [[phylogenetic tree]] showing the relationship between dozens of highly [[pathogenic]] varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1 and ancestral strains.</ref><ref>[http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/81/5/1293 Evolutionary characterization of the six internal genes of H5N1 human influenza A virus]</ref> Most bird flu [[virus]]es can only [[infect]] other birds. However, bird flu can pose health risks to people. The first case of a bird flu virus infecting a person directly was in Hong Kong in 1997. Since then, the bird flu virus has spread to birds in countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.
| | ==Historical Perspective== |
| | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| "Bird flu" is a phrase similar to "[[Swine flu]]", "Dog flu", "Horse flu", or "[[Human flu]]" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of [[influenza virus]]es that have adapted to a specific host. All known [[virus]]es that cause [[influenza]] in birds belong to the species: ''[[Influenzavirus A|Influenza A virus]]''. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of [[Influenza A virus]] are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus ''is'' the [[Influenza A virus]] (note that the "A" does ''not'' stand for "avian").
| | ==Classification== |
| | | ==Cause== |
| Adaption is non-exclusive. Being adapted towards a particular [[species]] does not preclude adaptions, or partial adaptions, towards [[infection|infecting]] different [[species]]. In this way strains of [[influenza virus]]es are adapted to multiple [[species]], though may be preferential towards a particular host. For example, [[virus]]es responsible for [[influenza pandemics]] are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent [[influenza]] research into the [[gene]]s of the [[Spanish Flu]] [[virus]] shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans; with more of its [[gene]]s from birds than less deadly later [[pandemic]] strains.
| | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| | ==Risk Factors== |
| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===History and Symptoms=== |
| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Occupational safety and health]] | | [[Category:Pandemics]] |
| [[Category:Bird diseases]] | | [[Category:Influenza]] |
| [[Category:Avian influenza]] | | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Animal virology]] | | [[Category:Virology]] |
| [[Category:Microbiology]] | | [[Category:Microbiology]] |
| [[Category:Poultry diseases]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]] | | [[Category:Pulmonology]] |
| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Occupational safety and health]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |