Amnesia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Common causes of amnesia include medications, head trauma, depression and aging.

Causes

Common Causes

• Side effects of medication: Many drugs can cause cognitive problems and memory loss as a side effect. Common drugs that affect memory and brain function include sleeping pills, antihistamines, blood pressure and arthritis medication, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and painkillers.
• Depression: Depression mimics the signs of memory loss. It is a common problem in older adults—especially if one is less social and active than they used to be or if one has recently experienced a number of major life changes (retirement, a serious medical diagnosis, the loss of a loved one, moving away from home).
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Vitamin B12 protects neurons and is vital to healthy brain functioning. A lack of B12 can cause permanent damage to the brain.
• Trauma: This is the most common cause of preventable memory loss.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiac arrest, Heart bypass surgery
Chemical / poisoning	Aluminium poisoning, Barbiturate abuse, Bromoform, Cannabis, Hobo spider poisoning, Mercury poisoning , Stachybotrys chartarum, Toluene, Neurotoxicity syndromes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Anagrelide, Anisotropine Methylbromide,Aripiprazole, Benztropine, Diazepam, Dicyclomine, Flecainide, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Methocarbamol, Midazolam , Modafinil, Nefazodone, Oxcarbazepine, Phenelzine, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Selegiline, Sertraline, Temozolomide, Trazodone, Valium, Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Chemotherapy, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, Fluvastatin, Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Rifaximin, Simvastatin, Propranolol, Pindolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Scopolamine, Thalidomide, Zolmitriptan
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism
Environmental	Anoxia, Frostbite, Heat stroke, Hypoxia
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Citrullinemia , Down Syndrome, Graeck-Imerslund disease
Hematologic	Bone marrow transplant
Iatrogenic	Bilateral temporal lobectomy, Brain radiation, Electroconvulsive therapy
Infectious Disease	AIDS Dementia Complex, Cryptococcal Meningitis, Encephalitis , Herpes simplex encephalitis, HIV, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Lyme disease, Neurosyphillis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Achromatopsia , Alzheimer's disease, Corticobasal Degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Encephalitis, Frontotemporal dementia, Hydrocephalus, Huntington's disease, Intractible epilepsy, Myelinopathies, Multiple sclerosis, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy, Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease of the brain, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Right parietal lobe syndrome, Space occupying lesion, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Transient global amnesia, Vertebrobasilar disease, Multi infarct dementia, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Neurosyphillis, Hypothalamus tumor, Tumors of the third ventricle, Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, Neurosarcoidosis, Sneddon Syndrome, Arteriovenous Malformation, Cerebrovascular accident, Multi infarct dementia, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Transient ischemic attack
Nutritional / Metabolic	Vitamin B12 deficiecny, Dementia, Depression, Hyperthermia, Hypothermia, Hypoxia, Malabsorption, Megaloblastic Anemia , Nutritional deficiency, Pellagra, Thiamine deficiency, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Menopause
Oncologic	Brain cancer, Hypothalamus tumor, Malignant astrocytoma, Malignant germ cell tumor, Tumors of the third ventricle
Opthalmologic	Achromatopsia
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Amnestic disorder, Bipolar disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Conversion disorder, Fugue states, Schizophrenia|-
Pulmonary	Hypoxia
Renal / Electrolyte	Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, Hypercalcemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Behcet's Disease, Neurosarcoidosis, Sneddon Syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Brain concussion, Head injury, Whiplash
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcoholism, Malingering, Stress

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Achromatopsia AIDS Dementia Complex Alcoholism Aluminium poisoning Alzheimer's disease Amnestic disorder Anagrelide Anisotropine Methylbromide Anoxia Aripiprazole Arteriovenous Malformation Atenolol Atorvastatin Barbiturate abuse Behcet's Disease Benztropine Bilateral temporal lobectomy Bipolar disease Bone marrow transplant Brain cancer Brain concussion Brain radiation Bromoform Cannabis Carbon monoxide poisoning Cardiac arrest Cerebrovascular accident Chemotherapy Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Citrullinemia Conversion disorder Corticobasal Degeneration Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Cryptococcal Meningitis Dementia Depression Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome Diazepam Dicyclomine Down Syndrome Electroconvulsive therapy Encephalitis

Flecainide Fluvastatin Frontotemporal dementia Frostbite Fugue states Graeck-Imerslund disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Head injury Heart bypass surgery Heat stroke Herpes simplex encephalitis HIV Hobo spider poisoning Human T-lymphotropic virus Huntington's disease Hydrocephalus Hypercalcemia Hyperthermia Hyperthyroidism Hypothalamus tumor Hypothermia Hypothyroidism Hypoxia Intractible epilepsy Lamotrigine Levetiracetam Lovastatin Lyme disease Malabsorption Malignant astrocytoma Malignant germ cell tumor Malingering Megaloblastic Anemia Menopause Mercury poisoning Metoprolol Midazolam Modafinil Multi infarct dementia Multiple sclerosis Myelinopathies Nefazodone

Neurosarcoidosis Neurosyphillis Neurotoxicity syndromes Normal pressure hydrocephalus Nutritional deficiency Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Oxcarbazepine Parkinson's disease Pellagra Phenelzine Pick's disease of the brain Pindolol Pramipexole Pravastatin Progressive supranuclear palsy Propranolol Right parietal lobe syndrome Ropinirole Rosuvastatin Schizophrenia Scopolamine Selegiline Simvastatin Sneddon Syndrome Space occupying lesion Stachybotrys chartarum Stress Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Subarachnoid hemorrhage Temozolomide Thiamine deficiency Toluene Transient global amnesia Transient ischemic attack Trazodone Tumors of the third ventricle Valium Vertebrobasilar disease Vitamin B12 deficiecny Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Whiplash Zaleplon Zolpidem