Avian influenza classification: Difference between revisions
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Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetics (influenza subtypes). To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. | Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetics (influenza subtypes). To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. | ||
===Pathogenecity of the Virus== | ===Pathogenecity of the Virus=== | ||
Avian influenza may be classified based on the pathogenicity of the virus: | Avian influenza may be classified based on the pathogenicity of the virus: | ||
*Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) | *Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
::Moderate/severe clinical manifestations among humans | ::Moderate/severe clinical manifestations among humans | ||
::Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI | ::Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI | ||
===Subtypes Based on Molecular Viral Genetics=== | ===Subtypes Based on Molecular Viral Genetics=== | ||
*To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza. | *To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza. | ||
*Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections. | *Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections. | ||
*The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans: | *The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans: | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | |||
| style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Influenza Subtype}} | |||
| style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Number of Subtypes}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Pathogenicity}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Pathogenicity}} | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=4 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Clinical Manifestations}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=4 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Clinical Manifestations}} | ||
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Less likely to cause infections in humans | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Less likely to cause infections in humans | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:14, 23 April 2015
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Avian influenza Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Avian influenza classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Avian influenza classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Avian influenza classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.
Overview
Classification
Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetics (influenza subtypes). To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza.
Pathogenecity of the Virus
Avian influenza may be classified based on the pathogenicity of the virus:
- Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI)
- Mild/no clinical manifestations among humans
- May convert to highly pathogenic avian influenza
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
- Moderate/severe clinical manifestations among humans
- Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI
Subtypes Based on Molecular Viral Genetics
- To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza.
- Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections.
- The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans:
| Influenza Subtype | Number of Subtypes | Pathogenicity | Clinical Manifestations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza A H5 | At least 9 | May be either HPAI or LPAI | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations | |||
| Influenza A H7 | At least 9 | May be either HPAI or LPAI | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations | |||
| Influenza A H9 | At least 9 | Only reported as LPAI | Less likely to cause infections in humans | |||