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YazanDaaboul (talk | contribs)
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza. Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus (low pathogenicity vs. high pathogenicity) or the viral genetic subtypes (H5 vs. H7 vs. H9)
==Classification==
==Classification==
Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetics (influenza subtypes). To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza.
Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetic subtypes. To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza.


===Pathogenecity of the Virus===
===Pathogenecity of the Virus===
Line 16: Line 18:
::Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI
::Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI


===Subtypes Based on Molecular Viral Genetics===
===Viral Genetic Subtypes===
*To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza.
*To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza.
*Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections.
*Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections.
*The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans:  
*The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans:  
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
| style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Influenza Subtype}}
|+
| style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Number of Subtypes}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Influenza Subtype}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2  | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Pathogenicity}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Number of Subtypes}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=4 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Clinical Manifestations}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Pathogenicity}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Clinical Manifestations}}
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Influenza A H5]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Influenza A H5]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May be either HPAI or LPAI
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May be either HPAI or LPAI  
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Influenza A H7]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Influenza A H7]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May be either HPAI or LPAI
 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May be either HPAI or LPAI  
 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
 
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Influenza A H9]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Influenza A H9]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | At least 9
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Only reported as LPAI
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Only reported as LPAI
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Less likely to cause infections in humans
 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Mild clinical manifestations in humans
|-
|}
|}


Revision as of 13:28, 23 April 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

Overview

To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza. Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus (low pathogenicity vs. high pathogenicity) or the viral genetic subtypes (H5 vs. H7 vs. H9)

Classification

Classification of avian influenza may be based on either the pathogenicity of the virus or the viral genetic subtypes. To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza.

Pathogenecity of the Virus

Avian influenza may be classified based on the pathogenicity of the virus:

  • Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI)
Mild/no clinical manifestations among humans
May convert to highly pathogenic avian influenza
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
Moderate/severe clinical manifestations among humans
Viral subtypes H5 and H7 are associated with HPAI

Viral Genetic Subtypes

  • To date, only influenza type A has been associated with avian influenza. Neither influenza B nor influenza C is associated with avian influenza.
  • Although avian influenza has many subtypes of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), only 3 subtypes have been associated with human infections.
  • The table below lists the subtypes of influenza A that have been associated with avian influenza in humans:
Influenza Subtype Number of Subtypes Pathogenicity Clinical Manifestations
Influenza A H5 At least 9 May be either HPAI or LPAI May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
Influenza A H7 At least 9 May be either HPAI or LPAI May cause either mild or severe/fatal clinical manifestations
Influenza A H9 At least 9 Only reported as LPAI Mild clinical manifestations in humans

References

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