Thrombosis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:48, 20 May 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the following (Virchow's triad): the composition of the blood (hypercoagulability or thrombophilia), quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury), and/or nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Atherosclerosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Antithrombin III deficiency, aortic dissection, arteritis, atheroma, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular septal defect, cholesterol embolization, congestive heart failure, coronary artery thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, defibrination syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Eisenmenger syndrome, elevated lipoprotein a, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, Kawasaki disease, left ventricular failure, mesenteric venous thrombosis, obesity, Paget-Schroetter disease, pelvic vein thrombosis, peripheral vascular disease, plasminogen deficiency type I, plasminogen deficiency type II, postphlebitic syndrome, presence of a central venous catheter, stent, stroke, subclavian vein thrombosis, superficial thrombophlebitis, superior vena cava syndrome, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Behcet's disease, Klippel Trenaunay syndrome, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect	Aflibercept, Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi, asparaginase, chemotherapy, coagulation factor IX, coagulation factor XIII A-subunit, conestat alfa, desmopressin, elspar, eltrombopag, estramustine, estrogen replacement therapy, ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, femara, glucocorticoids, hormone replacement therapy, iodixanol, lenalidomide, letrozole, leunase, meclofenamate, oral contraceptives, pegaspargase, rapamune, romiplostim,sirolimus, tamoxifen, thalidomide, tromethamine
Ear Nose Throat	Mastoiditis, superior vena cava syndrome
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, obesity
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Budd-Chiari syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, hemorrhoids, hepatic vein thrombosis, inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, liver disease, mucormycosis, obesity, pancreatic cancer, zygomycosis
Genetic	Ales dysfibrinogenemia, elevated plasma fibronectin levels, factor V Leiden mutation, Marchiafava-Micheli disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hematologic	Ales dysfibrinogenemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, antithrombin III deficiency, cavernous sinus thrombosis, decreased heparin cofactor II, decreased thrombomodulin, decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), decreased tissue plasminogen activator deficiency, deep vein thrombosis, defibrination syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dysfibrinogenemia, elevated fibrinogen, elevated plasma fibronectin levels, elevated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), essential thrombocythemia, factor XII deficiency, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulability syndrome, hyperviscosity syndrome, increased factor IX, increased factor VII, increased factor VIII, increased factor XI, increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Klippel Trenaunay syndrome, leukostasis syndrome, Marchiafava-Micheli disease, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, Osler-Vaquez disease, Paget-Schroetter disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, pelvic vein thrombosis, plasminogen deficiency type I, plasminogen deficiency type II, polycythemia vera, polycythemia, postphlebitic syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, sickle cell disease, sticky platelet syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome, thrombophilia, thrombotic microangiopathy, Von Willebrand factor, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Wiesbaden dysfibrinogenemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	High altitude

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

References

↑ Kuipers S, Cannegieter SC, Middeldorp S, Robyn L, Büller HR, Rosendaal FR (2007). "The absolute risk of venous thrombosis after air travel: a cohort study of 8,755 employees of international organisations". PLoS Med. 4 (9): e290. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040290. PMC 1989755. PMID 17896862.
↑ Mammen EF (1999). "Sticky platelet syndrome". Semin Thromb Hemost. 25 (4): 361–5. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994939. PMID 10548069.

cs:Trombóza de:Thrombose eo:Trombozo it:Trombosi he:תרומבוס ms:Trombotik nl:Trombose fi:Verihiutale

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[pmid17896862-1] Kuipers S, Cannegieter SC, Middeldorp S, Robyn L, Büller HR, Rosendaal FR (2007). "The absolute risk of venous thrombosis after air travel: a cohort study of 8,755 employees of international organisations". PLoS Med. 4 (9): e290. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040290. PMC 1989755. PMID 17896862.

[pmid10548069-2] Mammen EF (1999). "Sticky platelet syndrome". Semin Thromb Hemost. 25 (4): 361–5. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994939. PMID 10548069.

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Mastoiditis]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Diabetes mellitus]], [[obesity]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[hemorrhoids]], [[hepatic vein thrombosis]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[liver cirrhosis]], [[liver disease]], [[mucormycosis]], [[obesity]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[zygomycosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[familial dysfibrinogenemia|Ales dysfibrinogenemia]], [[fibronectin|elevated plasma fibronectin levels]], [[factor V Leiden mutation]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[familial dysfibrinogenemia|Ales dysfibrinogenemia]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[antithrombin III deficiency]], [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]], [[heparin cofactor II|decreased heparin cofactor II]], [[thrombomodulin|decreased thrombomodulin]], [[tissue factor pathway inhibitor|decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)]], [[tissue plasminogen activator|decreased tissue plasminogen activator deficiency]], [[deep vein thrombosis]], [[defibrination syndrome]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[familial dysfibrinogenemia|dysfibrinogenemia]], [[fibrinogen|elevated fibrinogen]], [[fibronectin|elevated plasma fibronectin levels]], [[thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor|elevated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)]], [[essential thrombocythemia]], [[factor XII|factor XII deficiency]], [[heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]], [[hypercoagulability|hypercoagulability syndrome]], [[hyperviscosity syndrome]], [[factor IX|increased factor IX]], [[factor VII|increased factor VII]], [[factor VIII|increased factor VIII]], [[factor XI|increased factor XI]], [[plasminogen activator inhibitor-1|increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)]], [[Klippel Trenaunay syndrome]], [[hyperviscosity syndrome|leukostasis syndrome]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]], [[multiple myeloma]], [[myeloproliferative disorders]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[Paget-Schroetter disease]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[venous thrombosis|pelvic vein thrombosis]], [[plasminogen|plasminogen deficiency type I]], [[plasminogen|plasminogen deficiency type II]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[polycythemia]], [[postphlebitic syndrome]], [[protein C deficiency]], [[protein S deficiency]], [[prothrombin gene mutation G20210A|prothrombin gene mutation]], [[sickle cell disease]], [[sticky platelet syndrome]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[thrombophilia]], [[thrombotic microangiopathy]], [[Von Willebrand factor]], [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]], [[familial dysfibrinogenemia|Wiesbaden dysfibrinogenemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"